Editing Black-throated loon (section)

==Predators and parasites==
The black-throated loon is sometimes parasitized by ''[[Eustrongylides tubifex]]'', a species of [[nematode]] that can cause [[Eustrongylidosis]].<ref name="FastzkieCrites1977">{{cite journal|last1=Fastzkie|first1=Jean Sprinkle|last2=Crites|first2=John L.|title=A redescription of ''Eustrongylides tubifex'' (Nitzsch 1819) Jagerskiold 1909 (Nematoda: Dioctophymatidae) from mallards (''Anas platyrhynchos'')|journal=The Journal of Parasitology|volume=63|issue=4|year=1977|pages=707–12|issn=0022-3395|doi=10.2307/3279578|pmid=886407|jstor=3279578}}</ref> Mammalian predators, such as [[red fox]]es and [[pine marten]]s,<ref name="Hakeetal.2005"/> are likely the cause of about 40% of clutch losses. Avian predators, such as [[hooded crow]]s, also take the eggs of this loon.<ref name="MudgeTalbot1992" />