Editing Bird (section)

===Genomics===
{{See also|list of sequenced animal genomes#Birds}}
In 2010, the [[genome]] had been sequenced for only two birds, the [[chicken]] and the [[zebra finch]]. {{as of|2022}}, the genomes of 542 species of birds had been completed. At least one genome has been sequenced from every order.<ref name="Holmes">{{cite journal |last1=Holmes |first1=Bob |title=Learning about birds from their genomes |journal=Knowable Magazine |date=10 February 2022 |doi=10.1146/knowable-021022-1 |doi-access=free |url=https://knowablemagazine.org/article/living-world/2022/learning-about-birds-their-genomes |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Bravo">{{cite journal |last1=Bravo |first1=Gustavo A. |last2=Schmitt |first2=C. Jonathan |last3=Edwards |first3=Scott V. |title=What Have We Learned from the First 500 Avian Genomes? |journal=Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics |date=3 November 2021 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=611–639 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012121-085928 }}</ref> These include at least one species in about 90% of extant avian families (218 out of 236 families recognised by the ''Howard and Moore Checklist'').<ref name="FengStiller2020">{{cite journal|last1=Feng|first1=Shaohong|last2=Stiller|first2=Josefin|last3=Deng|first3=Yuan|last4=Armstrong|first4=Joel|last5=Fang|first5=Qi|last6=Reeve|first6=Andrew Hart|last7=Xie|first7=Duo|last8=Chen|first8=Guangji|last9=Guo|first9=Chunxue|last10=Faircloth|first10=Brant C.|last11=Petersen|first11=Bent|last12=Wang|first12=Zongji|last13=Zhou|first13=Qi|last14=Diekhans|first14=Mark|last15=Chen|first15=Wanjun|last16=Andreu-Sánchez|first16=Sergio|last17=Margaryan|first17=Ashot|last18=Howard|first18=Jason Travis|last19=Parent|first19=Carole|last20=Pacheco|first20=George|last21=Sinding|first21=Mikkel-Holger S.|last22=Puetz|first22=Lara|last23=Cavill|first23=Emily|last24=Ribeiro|first24=Ângela M.|last25=Eckhart|first25=Leopold|last26=Fjeldså|first26=Jon|last27=Hosner|first27=Peter A.|last28=Brumfield|first28=Robb T.|last29=Christidis|first29=Les|last30=Bertelsen|first30=Mads F.|last31=Sicheritz-Ponten|first31=Thomas|last32=Tietze|first32=Dieter Thomas|last33=Robertson|first33=Bruce C.|last34=Song|first34=Gang|last35=Borgia|first35=Gerald|last36=Claramunt|first36=Santiago|last37=Lovette|first37=Irby J.|last38=Cowen|first38=Saul J.|last39=Njoroge|first39=Peter|last40=Dumbacher|first40=John Philip|last41=Ryder|first41=Oliver A.|last42=Fuchs|first42=Jérôme|last43=Bunce|first43=Michael|last44=Burt|first44=David W.|last45=Cracraft|first45=Joel|last46=Meng|first46=Guanliang|last47=Hackett|first47=Shannon J.|last48=Ryan|first48=Peter G.|last49=Jønsson|first49=Knud Andreas|last50=Jamieson|first50=Ian G.|last51=da Fonseca|first51=Rute R.|last52=Braun|first52=Edward L.|last53=Houde|first53=Peter|last54=Mirarab|first54=Siavash|last55=Suh|first55=Alexander|last56=Hansson|first56=Bengt|last57=Ponnikas|first57=Suvi|last58=Sigeman|first58=Hanna|last59=Stervander|first59=Martin|last60=Frandsen|first60=Paul B.|last61=van der Zwan|first61=Henriette|last62=van der Sluis|first62=Rencia|last63=Visser|first63=Carina|last64=Balakrishnan|first64=Christopher N.|last65=Clark|first65=Andrew G.|last66=Fitzpatrick|first66=John W.|last67=Bowman|first67=Reed|last68=Chen|first68=Nancy|last69=Cloutier|first69=Alison|last70=Sackton|first70=Timothy B.|last71=Edwards|first71=Scott V.|last72=Foote|first72=Dustin J.|last73=Shakya|first73=Subir B.|last74=Sheldon|first74=Frederick H.|last75=Vignal|first75=Alain|last76=Soares|first76=André E. R.|last77=Shapiro|first77=Beth|last78=González-Solís|first78=Jacob|last79=Ferrer-Obiol|first79=Joan|last80=Rozas|first80=Julio|last81=Riutort|first81=Marta|last82=Tigano|first82=Anna|last83=Friesen|first83=Vicki|last84=Dalén|first84=Love|last85=Urrutia|first85=Araxi O.|last86=Székely|first86=Tamás|last87=Liu|first87=Yang|last88=Campana|first88=Michael G.|last89=Corvelo|first89=André|last90=Fleischer|first90=Robert C.|last91=Rutherford|first91=Kim M.|last92=Gemmell|first92=Neil J.|last93=Dussex|first93=Nicolas|last94=Mouritsen|first94=Henrik|last95=Thiele|first95=Nadine|last96=Delmore|first96=Kira|last97=Liedvogel|first97=Miriam|last98=Franke|first98=Andre|last99=Hoeppner|first99=Marc P.|display-authors=1|last100=Krone|first100=Oliver|last101=Fudickar|first101=Adam M.|last102=Milá|first102=Borja|last103=Ketterson|first103=Ellen D.|last104=Fidler|first104=Andrew Eric|last105=Friis|first105=Guillermo|last106=Parody-Merino|first106=Ángela M.|last107=Battley|first107=Phil F.|last108=Cox|first108=Murray P.|last109=Lima|first109=Nicholas Costa Barroso|last110=Prosdocimi|first110=Francisco|last111=Parchman|first111=Thomas Lee|last112=Schlinger|first112=Barney A.|last113=Loiselle|first113=Bette A.|last114=Blake|first114=John G.|last115=Lim|first115=Haw Chuan|last116=Day|first116=Lainy B.|last117=Fuxjager|first117=Matthew J.|last118=Baldwin|first118=Maude W.|last119=Braun|first119=Michael J.|last120=Wirthlin|first120=Morgan|last121=Dikow|first121=Rebecca B.|last122=Ryder|first122=T. Brandt|last123=Camenisch|first123=Glauco|last124=Keller|first124=Lukas F.|last125=DaCosta|first125=Jeffrey M.|last126=Hauber|first126=Mark E.|last127=Louder|first127=Matthew I. M.|last128=Witt|first128=Christopher C.|last129=McGuire|first129=Jimmy A.|last130=Mudge|first130=Joann|last131=Megna|first131=Libby C.|last132=Carling|first132=Matthew D.|last133=Wang|first133=Biao|last134=Taylor|first134=Scott A.|last135=Del-Rio|first135=Glaucia|last136=Aleixo|first136=Alexandre|last137=Vasconcelos|first137=Ana Tereza Ribeiro|last138=Mello|first138=Claudio V.|last139=Weir|first139=Jason T.|last140=Haussler|first140=David|last141=Li|first141=Qiye|last142=Yang|first142=Huanming|last143=Wang|first143=Jian|last144=Lei|first144=Fumin|last145=Rahbek|first145=Carsten|last146=Gilbert|first146=M. Thomas P.|last147=Graves|first147=Gary R.|last148=Jarvis|first148=Erich D.|last149=Paten|first149=Benedict|last150=Zhang|first150=Guojie|title=Dense sampling of bird diversity increases power of comparative genomics|journal=Nature|volume=587|issue=7833|year=2020|pages=252–257 |doi=10.1038/s41586-020-2873-9|pmid=33177665|pmc=7759463|bibcode=2020Natur.587..252F|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Being able to sequence and compare whole genomes gives researchers many types of information, about genes, the DNA that regulates the genes, and their evolutionary history. This has led to reconsideration of some of the classifications that were based solely on the identification of protein-coding genes. Waterbirds such as [[pelicans]] and [[flamingos]], for example, may have in common specific adaptations suited to their environment that were developed independently.<ref name="Holmes"/><ref name="Bravo"/>