Editing Bertrand Russell (section)

===Between the wars===
In August 1920, Russell travelled to [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] as part of an official delegation sent by the British government to investigate the effects of the [[Russian Revolution of 1917|Russian Revolution]].<ref name="FreeLib">{{Cite web |title=Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) |url=http://russell.thefreelibrary.com/ |access-date=11 December 2007 |publisher=Farlex |archive-date=12 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512011010/http://russell.thefreelibrary.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He wrote a four-part series of articles, titled "Soviet Russia—1920", for the magazine ''[[The Nation]]''.<ref name="nation1">{{Cite magazine |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |date=31 July 1920 |title=Soviet Russia{{emdash}}1920 |magazine=The Nation |pages=121–125}}</ref><ref name="sov1920">{{Cite journal |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |date=20 February 2008 |orig-date=1920 |title=Lenin, Trotzky and Gorky |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/lenin-trotzky-and-gorky/ |journal=The Nation |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910144116/https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/lenin-trotzky-and-gorky/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He met [[Vladimir Lenin]] and had an hour-long conversation with him. In his autobiography, he mentions that he found Lenin disappointing, sensing an "impish cruelty" in him and comparing him to "an opinionated professor". He cruised down the [[Volga]] on a steamship. His experiences destroyed his previous tentative support for the revolution. He subsequently wrote a book, ''The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism'',<ref name="Practice &">Russell, Bertrand [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17350 ''The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism'' by Bertrand Russell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512073021/http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17350 |date=12 May 2012 }}, 1920</ref> about his experiences on this trip, taken with a group of 24 others from the UK, all of whom came home thinking well of the Soviet regime, despite Russell's attempts to change their minds. For example, he told them that he had heard shots fired in the middle of the night and was sure that these were clandestine executions, but the others maintained that it was only cars backfiring.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014}}

[[File:Russell with John and Kate.jpg|thumb|left|Russell with his children, [[John Russell, 4th Earl Russell|John]] and [[Lady Katharine Tait|Kate]]]]
Russell's lover [[Dora Russell|Dora Black]], a British author, [[feminist]] and socialist campaigner, visited Soviet Russia independently at the same time; in contrast to his reaction, she was enthusiastic about the [[October Revolution|Bolshevik revolution]].<ref name="Practice &"/>

The following year, Russell, accompanied by Dora, visited [[Peking]] (as [[Beijing]] was then known outside of China) to lecture on philosophy for a year.<ref name="nobel prize" /> He went with optimism and hope, seeing China as [[History of the Republic of China#Fight against warlordism and the First United Front|then being]] on a new path.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |title=The Problem of China |date=1972 |publisher=George Allen & Unwin Ltd. |location=London |page=252}}</ref> Other scholars present in China at the time included [[John Dewey]]<ref name="pneumonia" /> and [[Rabindranath Tagore]], the Indian Nobel-laureate poet.<ref name="nobel prize" /> Before leaving China, Russell became gravely ill with [[pneumonia]], and [[List of premature obituaries|incorrect reports]] of his death were published in the Japanese press.<ref name="pneumonia">{{Cite news |date=21 April 1921 |title=Bertrand Russell Reported Dead |work=The New York Times |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/21/107014047.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=11 December 2007 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1921/04/21/107014047.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022}}</ref> When the couple visited Japan on their return journey, Dora took on the role of spurning the local press by handing out notices reading "Mr. Bertrand Russell, having died according to the Japanese press, is unable to give interviews to Japanese journalists".<ref name="papers">{{Cite book |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnaqY4gUyrAC&q=mr+bertrand+russell+having+died+according+to+the+japanese+press |chapter=Uncertain Paths to Freedom: Russia and China, 1919–22 |title=The Collected Papers of Bertrand Russell |publisher=Routledge |year=2000 |isbn=0-415-09411-9 |editor-first=Richard A. |editor-last=Rempel |volume=15 |page=lxviii |no-pp=true |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910140336/https://books.google.com/books?id=qnaqY4gUyrAC&q=mr+bertrand+russell+having+died+according+to+the+japanese+press#v=snippet&q=mr%20bertrand%20russell%20having%20died%20according%20to%20the%20japanese%20press&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Bertrand |last=Russell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SlMrmmrNuEoC |title=Autobiography |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-18985-9 |chapter=10: China |quote=It provided me with the pleasure of reading my obituary notices, which I had always desired without expecting my wishes to be fulfilled... As the Japanese papers had refused to contradict the news of my death, Dora gave each of them a type-written slip saying that as I was dead I could not be interviewed |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910140331/https://books.google.com/books?id=SlMrmmrNuEoC |url-status=live }}</ref> Apparently they found this harsh and reacted resentfully.{{Citation needed|date=July 2014|reason=The editor of Vol. 15 of his _Collected Papers_ seems to have put it, in the volume's Intro, "The press, not appreciating the sarcasm, were not amused." Conceivably the context justifies attributing that, with a proper ref, to that editor (but presumably not our stating it as what the press did, felt, or said), nor necessarily as Lord Russell's opinion. We do not use irony (fundamentally, because it interferes with consistently clearly stating the verifiable facts). It is also unlikely that even BR's use of it in this circumstance, even if verifiable as his words, rises above chit-chat and to the level of being worthy of mention as a *notable* utterance or opinion of his.}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2011 |title=A man ahead of his time |url=https://www.weekinchina.com/2011/07/a-man-ahead-of-his-time/ |access-date=26 March 2021 |archive-date=3 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303155105/https://www.weekinchina.com/2011/07/a-man-ahead-of-his-time/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Bertrand |title=The Problem of China |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/13940/13940-h/13940-h.htm |access-date=26 March 2021 |archive-date=23 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230123113623/https://www.gutenberg.org/files/13940/13940-h/13940-h.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Russell supported his family during this time by writing popular books explaining matters of [[physics]], ethics, and education to the layman.

{{multiple image|direction = vertical|width = 120|footer = Bertrand Russell in 1924|image1 = Bertrand Russell in 1924.jpg|image2 = Russell in 1924 01.jpg}}
From 1922 to 1927 the Russells divided their time between London and [[Cornwall]], spending summers in [[Porthcurno]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bertrand Russell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SlMrmmrNuEoC |title=Autobiography |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-415-18985-9 |page=386 |access-date=7 January 2016 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910140331/https://books.google.com/books?id=SlMrmmrNuEoC |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]] and [[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923 general elections]] Russell stood as a [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] candidate in the [[Chelsea (UK Parliament constituency)|Chelsea constituency]], but only on the basis that he knew he was unlikely to be elected in such a safe Conservative seat, and he was unsuccessful on both occasions.

After the birth of his two children, he became interested in education, especially [[early childhood education]]. He was not satisfied with the old [[traditional education]] and thought that [[progressive education]] also had some flaws;<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Conversation with Bertrand Russell (1952) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb3k6tB-Or8?t=824 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124210430/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fb3k6tB-Or8 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |via=YouTube}}</ref> as a result, together with Dora, Russell founded the experimental Beacon Hill School in 1927. The school was run from a succession of different locations, including its original premises at the Russells' residence, Telegraph House, near [[Harting]], West Sussex. During this time, he published ''On Education, Especially in Early Childhood''. On 8 July 1930, Dora gave birth to her third child Harriet Ruth. After he left the school in 1932, Dora continued it until 1943.<ref name="Beacon">"Inside Beacon Hill: Bertrand Russell as Schoolmaster". Jespersen, Shirley ERIC# EJ360344, published 1987</ref><ref name="Dora">{{Cite web |date=12 May 2007 |title=Dora Russell |url=http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUrussellD.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119030738/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUrussellD.htm |archive-date=19 January 2008 |access-date=17 February 2008}}</ref>

In 1927 Russell met [[Barry Stevens (therapist)|Barry Fox (later Barry Stevens)]], who became a known [[Gestalt therapy|Gestalt therapist]] and writer in later years.<ref>Kranz, D. (2011): [http://www.gestalt.de/kranz_stevens_leben.html "Barry Stevens: Leben Gestalten"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925150850/http://www.gestalt.de/kranz_stevens_leben.html |date=25 September 2018}}. In: ''Gestaltkritik'', 2/2011, p.&nbsp;4–11.</ref> They developed an intense relationship, and in Fox's words: "...{{nbsp}}for three years we were very close."<ref>Stevens, B. (1970): ''Don't Push the River''. Lafayette, Cal. (Real People Press), p. 26.</ref> Fox sent her daughter Judith to Beacon Hill School.<ref>Gorham, D. (2005): "Dora and Bertrand Russell and Beacon Hill School", in: ''Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies'', n.s. 25, (summer 2005), p. 39–76, p. 57.</ref> From 1927 to 1932 Russell wrote 34 letters to Fox.<ref>Spadoni, C. (1981): "Recent Acquisitions: Correspondence", in: ''Russell: The Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies'', Vol 1, Iss. 1, Article 6, 43–67.</ref> Upon the death of his elder brother Frank, in 1931, Russell became the 3rd [[Earl Russell]].

Russell's marriage to Dora grew tenuous, and it reached a breaking point over her having two children with an American journalist, Griffin Barry.<ref name="Dora" /> They separated in 1932 and finally divorced. On 18 January 1936, Russell married his third wife, an [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] undergraduate named [[Patricia Russell (nee Spence)|Patricia ("Peter") Spence]], who had been his children's governess since 1930. Russell and Peter had one son, [[Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell|Conrad Sebastian Robert Russell]], 5th Earl Russell, who became a historian and one of the leading figures in the [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] party.<ref name="Gallery" />

Russell returned in 1937 to the [[London School of Economics]] to lecture on the science of power.<ref name="LSE" /> During the 1930s, Russell became a friend and collaborator of [[V. K. Krishna Menon]], then President of the [[India League]], the foremost lobby in the United Kingdom for Indian independence.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=India in Britain: South Asian Networks and Connections, 1858–1950 |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-39271-7 |editor-last=Nasta |editor-first=Susheila |location=New York |oclc=802321049}}</ref> Russell chaired the India League from 1932 to 1939.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nasta |first=Susheila |title=India League |url=http://www.open.ac.uk/researchprojects/makingbritain/content/india-league |access-date=16 June 2020 |archive-date=10 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910144232/https://www5.open.ac.uk/research-projects/making-britain/content/india-league |url-status=live }}</ref>