Editing Battle of Kosovo (section)

==Legacy==
{{main|Kosovo Myth}} 
[[File:Monumenti memorial i Gazimestanit.jpg|upright=1.1|thumb|right|Serbs celebrating [[Vidovdan]] at the [[Gazimestan]] monument in 2013.]]
The [[Kosovo Myth]] has for a long time been a central subject in [[Serbian folklore]] and Serbian [[Serbian literature|literary tradition]], and for centuries was cultivated mostly in the form of [[Serbian epic poetry|oral epic poetry]] and [[Gusle|guslar]] poems.<ref name="Duijzings184">{{harvnb|Duijzings|2000|p=184}}</ref>{{sfn|Kaser|Katschnig-Fasch|2005|p=100}}{{sfn|Uğurlu|2011}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jakica |first=Lara |year=2010–2011 |title=The problem of resurrection of Kosovo mythology in Serbian popular culture |journal=Transcultural Studies |volume=6/7 |pages=161–170 |doi=10.1163/23751606-00601011}}</ref> The mythologization of the battle occurred shortly after the event.{{sfn|Uğurlu|2011}}<ref name="Wakounig2012">{{Cite book |last=Cimeša |first=Milica |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5e5w8T1DNWwC&pg=PA79 |title=From Collective Memories to Intercultural Exchanges |date=28 November 2012 |publisher=LIT Verlag Münster |isbn=978-3-643-90287-0 |editor-last=Wakounig |editor-first=Marija |pages=78–79}}</ref> The legend was not fully formed immediately after the battle but evolved from different originators into various versions.{{sfn|Greenawalt|2001|p=52}} The philologist [[Vuk Karadžić]] collected traditional epic poems related to the topic of the Battle of Kosovo and in the 19th century, he released the so-called "Kosovo cycle", which became the final version of the transformation of the myth.<ref name="Wakounig2012" />{{sfn|Greenawalt|2001|p=53}} The modern narrativization of the legend focuses on three main motifs: sacrifice, betrayal and heroism, exemplified respectively by Prince Lazar choosing a "heavenly kingdom" over an "earthly kingdom", Vuk Branković's supposed desertion and Miloš Obilić's assassination of Murad.{{sfn|Uğurlu|2011}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=17a9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA270 |title=The Historicity of International Politics: Imperialism and the Presence of the Past |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2023 |isbn=9781009199056 |editor-last=Schlichte |editor-first=Klaus |page=270 |editor-last2=Stetter |editor-first2=Stephan}}</ref>

In Serbian historiography, the complicated political setting preceding the battle has been simplified in the battle being a clash between [[Christianity]] and [[Islam]].<ref name="Parppei2017">{{Cite book |last=Parppei |first=Kati |title=The Battle of Kulikovo refought: "the first national feat" |date=2017 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04337-94-7 |location=Leiden Boston |pages=9–10}}</ref> However, [[Miodrag Popović]] notes that in Ottoman Serbia of the 16th and 17th century, the local population was ''"[[Turkophilia|Turkophilic]]"'' in accordance with the general climate of necessary adaptation to Ottoman rule.{{sfn|Greenawalt|2001|p=53}}{{sfn|Ramet|2011|p=282}} Тhey did not give the legend of the Battle of Kosovo an interpretation unfavorable or hostile to the Ottoman Turks.{{sfn|Ramet|2011|p=282}} Perceptions about the Battle of Kosovo in Serbian public discourse changed and were "harnessed in earnest in the rise of Serbian nationalism during the 19th century" and acquired new meanings in the context of the [[Greater Serbia]] nationalist project.<ref name="Parppei2017" /> Many of the elements which came to be seen later in Serbian discourse as crucial elements of Serbian tradition appear to have entered the Serbian corpus about Kosovo just a few decades before 19th century Serbian folklorists recorded them.{{sfn|Greenawalt|2001|p=52}} Throughout most of the 19th century it did not carry its later importance, as the [[Principality of Serbia]] saw the region of Bosnia as its core, not Kosovo. The [[Congress of Berlin]] (1878) was the event which caused the elevation of the narratives about the Battle of Kosovo ("[[Kosovo myth]]") in its modern status. The region of Bosnia was effectively handed out to Austria-Hungary and Serbian expansion towards that area was blocked, which in turn left southwards expansion towards Kosovo as the only available geopolitical alternative for the Serbian state.<ref name="Ognjenovic">{{harvnb|Ognjenović|2014|p=137}}</ref> Today, the Battle of Kosovo has come to be seen in public discourse as  "particularly important to Serbian history, tradition and [[Serbian national identity|national identity]]".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dierauer |first=Isabelle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GCuDsecLWmYC |title=Disequilibrium, Polarization, and Crisis Model: An International Relations Theory Explaining Conflict |date=16 May 2013 |publisher=University Press of America |isbn=978-0-7618-6106-5 |page=88}}</ref> The battle has become a force of historical, political, military and artistic inspiration to date.<ref name="Gantheretetal148">{{Cite book |last1=Gantheret |first1=Fiana |title=Art and Human Rights: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Contemporary Issues |last2=Guibert |first2=Nolwenn |last3=Stolk |first3=Sofia |publisher=Edward Elgar |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-80220-814-6 |page=148}}</ref>

The day of the battle, known in Serbian as ''[[Vidovdan]]'' (St. Vitus' day) and celebrated according to the [[Julian calendar]] (corresponding to 28 June Gregorian in the 20th and 21st centuries), is an important part of Serb ethnic and national identity,{{sfn|Đorđević|1990}} with notable events in Serbian history falling on that day: in 1876 Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire ([[Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–78)]]; in 1881 [[Austria-Hungary]] and the [[Principality of Serbia]] [[Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881|signed a secret alliance]]; in 1914 the [[assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] was carried out by the Serbian [[Gavrilo Princip]] (although a coincidence that his visit fell on that day, ''Vidovdan'' added nationalist symbolism to the event);<ref>Manfried Rauchensteiner, ''Der Erste Weltkrieg und das Ende der Habsburgermonarchie 1914–1918'', 2013, p. 87</ref> in 1921 King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia]] proclaimed the [[Vidovdan Constitution]]; in 1989, on the 600th anniversary of the battle, [[Serbian president]] [[Slobodan Milošević]] delivered the [[Gazimestan speech]] on the site of the historic battle.

Epic songs about the battle also exist in Albanian historical folklore and have been preserved in local [[Albanians in Kosovo|Kosovo Albanian]] culture.<ref name="Di Lellio">{{cite book |last1=Di Lellio |first1=Anna |url=http://www.annadilellio.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Battle-of-Kosovo-Intro.pdf |title=The Battle of Kosovo 1389 |date=2009 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-8488-5094-1 |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lord|first=Albert Bates|author-link=Albert Bates Lord|title=The Battle of Kosovo in Albanian and Serbocroatian Oral Epic Songs.|series=Studies on Kosova|editor1=Arshi Pipa|editor2=Sami Repishti|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1984|pp=65–83}}</ref><ref name="Majstorovic178">{{cite book|last=Majstorovic|first=Steven|chapter=Autonomy of the Sacred: The Endgame in Kosovo|editor1-last=Máiz|editor1-first=Ramón|editor2-last=William|editor2-first=Safran|title=Identity and Territorial Autonomy in Plural Societies|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2000|isbn=9780714650272|issn=1462-9755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=altqJkEQmN8C|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=altqJkEQmN8C&pg=PA167|p=174}}</ref> Albanian versions, which are part of the [[Albanian epic poetry]] of [[Kosovo]], focus on the figure of [[Miloš Obilić]] (known as Millosh Kopiliqi in Albanian), as his birthplace is considered to have been in the [[Drenica]] region of Kosovo, where villages which bear the name ''Kopiliq'' are located.<ref name="DiLellio2013">{{harvnb|Di Lellio|2013|p=155|ps=:Kopiliq is believed to hail from a village by the same name in Drenica, a central and rural area of Kosovo, famous for its rebelliousness. He plays the role, together with historical characters from the same region, of establishing an uninterrupted genealogy of heroes through history.}}</ref>