Editing Battle of Bannockburn (section)

===English retreat===
Edward fled with his personal bodyguard and panic spread among the remaining troops, turning their defeat into a [[rout]]. King Edward, with about 500 men, first fled for Stirling Castle where Sir Philip de Moubray, commander of the castle, turned him away as the castle would shortly be surrendered to the Scots.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barrow |first=Geoffrey W.S. |title=Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland |date=1988 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |page=230 |author-link=G. W. S. Barrow}}</ref> Then, pursued by James Douglas and a small troop of horsemen, Edward fled to [[Dunbar Castle]], from which he took a ship to Berwick. From the carnage of Bannockburn, the rest of the army tried to escape to the safety of the English border, {{convert|90|mi}} south. Many were killed by the pursuing Scottish army or by the inhabitants of the countryside they passed through.

Historian Peter Reese wrote that "only one sizeable group of men—all foot soldiers—made good their escape to England."<ref name="Reese1"/> These were a force of Welsh spearmen who were kept together by their commander, Sir [[Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley|Maurice de Berkeley]]. The majority of them reached [[Carlisle, Cumbria|Carlisle]].<ref name="Reese1"/> Weighing the available evidence, Reese concludes that "it seems doubtful if even a third of the foot soldiers returned to England."<ref name="Reese1"/> If his estimate is accurate, of 16,000 English infantrymen, about 11,000 were killed. The English chronicler [[Thomas Walsingham]] gave the number of English men-at-arms who were killed as 700,<ref name="referencing1">Mackenzie, p. 88 referencing Walsingham, p. 141</ref> while 500 more men-at-arms were spared for ransom.<ref name="Mackenzie, p.90"/> The Scottish losses appear to have been comparatively light, with only two knights among those killed.<ref>Reese, p. 176</ref>