Editing Bastille (section)

====Architecture and organisation====
[[File:Bastille profile, 1750.jpg|thumb|350px|A cross-section of the Bastille viewed from the south in 1750]]

By the late 18th century, the Bastille had come to separate the more aristocratic quarter of [[The Marais]] in the old city from the working class district of the faubourg Saint-Antoine that lay beyond the Louis XIV boulevard.<ref name=BNF1/> The Marais was a fashionable area, frequented by foreign visitors and tourists, but few went beyond the Bastille into the faubourg.<ref>Garrioch, p. 22.</ref> The faubourg was characterised by its built-up, densely populated areas, particularly in the north, and its numerous workshops producing soft furnishings.<ref>Garrioch, p. 22; Roche, p. 17.</ref> Paris as a whole had continued to grow, reaching slightly less than 800,000 inhabitants by the reign of Louis XVI, and many of the residents around the faubourg had migrated to Paris from the countryside relatively recently.<ref>Roche, p. 17.</ref> The Bastille had its own street address, being officially known as No. 232, rue Saint-Antoine.<ref>Schama, p. 330.</ref>

Structurally, the late-18th century Bastille was not greatly changed from its 14th-century predecessor.<ref>Funck-Brentano, p. 58.</ref> The eight stone towers had gradually acquired individual names: running from the north-east side of the external gate, these were La Chapelle, Trésor, Comté, Bazinière, Bertaudière, Liberté, Puits and Coin.<ref name="Chevallier, p. 148">Chevallier, p. 148.</ref> La Chapelle contained the Bastille's chapel, decorated with a painting of [[Saint Peter]] in chains.<ref>Coueret, pp .45–6.</ref> Trésor took its name from the reign of Henry IV, when it had contained the royal treasury.<ref name=CoueretP46>Coueret, p. 46.</ref> The origins of the name of Comté tower are unclear; one theory is that the name refers to the County of Paris.<ref>Coueret, p. 47; Funck-Brentano, pp. 59–60.</ref> Bazinière was named after Bertrand de La Bazinière, a royal treasurer who was imprisoned there in 1663.<ref name=CoueretP46/> Bertaudière was named after a medieval mason who died building the structure in the 14th century.<ref name=CoueretP47>Coueret, p. 47.</ref> Liberté tower took its name either from a protest in 1380, when Parisians shouted the phrase outside the castle, or because it was used to house prisoners who had more freedom to walk around the castle than the typical prisoner.<ref>Coueret, p. 47; Funck-Brentano, p. 60.</ref> Puits tower contained the castle well, while Coin formed the corner of the Rue Saint-Antoine.<ref name=CoueretP47/>

[[File:Bastille floor plan labelled.png|thumb|250px|left|Plan of the Bastille in the 18th century. A – La Chapelle Tower; B – Trésor Tower; C – Comté Tower; D – Bazinière Tower; E – Bertaudière Tower; F – Liberté Tower; G – Puits Tower; H – Coin Tower; I – Courtyard of the Well; J – Office wing; K – Large Courtyard]]

The main castle courtyard, accessed through the southern gateway, was 120 feet long by 72 feet wide (37 m by 22 m), and was divided from the smaller northern yard by a three-office wing, built around 1716 and renovated in 1761 in a modern, 18th-century style.<ref>Coueret, p .48; Bournon, p. 27.</ref> The office wing held the council room that was used for interrogating prisoners, the Bastille's library, and servants' quarters.<ref>Coueret, p. 48.</ref> The upper stories included rooms for the senior Bastille staff, and chambers for distinguished prisoners.<ref>Coueret, pp. 48–9.</ref> An elevated building on one side of the courtyard held the Bastille's archives.<ref>Coueret, p. 49.</ref> A clock was installed by [[Antoine de Sartine]], the lieutenant general of police between 1759 and 1774, on the side of the office wing, depicting two chained prisoners.<ref>Reichardt, p. 226; Coueret, p. 51.</ref>

New kitchens and baths were built just outside the main gate to the Bastille in 1786.<ref name="Chevallier, p. 148"/> The ditch around the Bastille, now largely dry, supported a {{convert|36|ft|m|adj=on}} high stone wall with a wooden walkway for the use of the guards, known as "la ronde", or the round.<ref>Coueret, p. 57; Funck-Brentano, p. 62.</ref> An outer court had grown up around the south-west side of the Bastille, adjacent to the Arsenal. This was open to the public and lined with small shops rented out by the governor for almost 10,000 livres a year, complete with a lodge for the Bastille gatekeeper; it was illuminated at night to light the adjacent street.<ref>Schama, p. 330; Coueret, p. 58; Bournon, pp. 25–6.</ref>

The Bastille was run by the governor, sometimes called the captain-governor, who lived in a 17th-century house alongside the fortress.<ref name=DutrayP136>Dutray-Lecoin (2010a), p. 136.</ref> The governor was supported by various officers, in particular his deputy, the ''lieutenant de roi'', or lieutenant of the king, who was responsible for general security and the protection of state secrets; the major, responsible for managing the Bastille's financial affairs and the police archives; and the ''capitaine des portes'', who ran the entrance to the Bastille.<ref name=DutrayP136/> Four warders divided up the eight towers between them.<ref>Bournon, p. 71.</ref> From an administrative perspective, the prison was generally well run during the period.<ref name=DutrayP136/> These staff were supported by an official surgeon, a chaplain and could, on occasion, call upon the services of a local midwife to assist pregnant prisoners.<ref>Bournon, pp. 66, 68.</ref>{{refn|The Bastille's surgeon was also responsible for shaving the prisoners, as inmates were not permitted sharp objects such as razors.<ref>Linguet, p. 78.</ref>|group=upper-alpha}} A small garrison of "[[invalides]]" was appointed in 1749 to guard the interior and exterior of the fortress; these were retired soldiers and were regarded locally, as [[Simon Schama]] describes, as "amiable layabouts" rather than professional soldiers.<ref>Schama, p .339; Bournon, p. 73.</ref>