Editing Basques (section)

===Latin America===
Spanish author [[Miguel de Unamuno]] said: "There are at least two things that clearly can be attributed to Basques: the [[Society of Jesus]] and the [[Republic of Chile]]."<ref>{{cite web|first=Pedro|last=Laín Entralgo|author-link=Pedro Laín Entralgo|url=http://www.filosofia.org/hem/194/alf/ez2302a.htm|title=Chile al trasluz|trans-title=Chile held up to the light|language=es|publisher=Filosofia.org|date=January 1949|access-date=2 November 2016|quote='La Compañía de Jesús y la República de Chile son las dos grandes hazañas del pueblo vascongado', solía decir don Miguel de Unamuno... '''[TRANS]''' Miguel de Unamuno used to say, 'The Company of Jesus and the Republic of Chile are the two great achievements of the Basque people...'|archive-date=14 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514164955/http://www.filosofia.org/hem/194/alf/ez2302a.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Chilean historian Luis Thayer Ojeda estimated that 48 percent of immigrants to Chile in the 17th and 18th centuries were Basque.<ref name="DouglassBilbao2005">{{cite book|last1=Douglass|first1=William A.|author2=Jon Bilbao|author-link2=Jon Bilbao|title=Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KzfK1QwxDIC&pg=PA81|access-date=3 November 2016|year=2005|publisher=University of Nevada Press|isbn=978-0-87417-625-4|page=81}}{{Dead link|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Estimates for the number of [[Basque Chilean|Basque descendants]] living in Chile range between 2.5 and 5&nbsp;million; the Basque have been a major, if not the strongest, influence in the country's [[cultural]] and [[economic]] development.

In [[Bolivia]], the [[War of the Vicuñas and Basques]] (Spanish: Guerra de Vicuñas y Vascongados), was an armed conflict in [[Charcas Province]] that lasted between June 1622 and March 1625, fought between Basques and "Vicuñas" (an informal term for non-Basque Spaniards in Upper Peru, a name obtained through the habit of wearing hats made of vicuña skins). Competition over the control of the silver mines in Potosí, Lípez and Chichas surged in the early 17th century, pitting Basques and Vicuñas against each other.The Vicuñas had initially employed legal and political measures attempting to block the Basque attempts to monopolize control over the cabildo (municipal government) of Potosí and the silver mining sector. The war pitted different sectors of the viceregal administration against each other, as some supported the Basque claims for hegemony whilst others had a conciliatory approach to the Vicuña rebels. Personalities involved in the conflict included the president and oidores of the Royal Audiencia of Charcas, treasury officials and the corregidor of Potosí and the visitador (sent to the area in order to audit fiscal accounts).

Basque place names are to be found in the Americas, such as [[Nueva Vizcaya, New Spain|Nueva Vizcaya]] (now [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] and [[Durango]], Mexico), [[New Navarre]] (now [[Sonora (state)|Sonora]] and [[Sinaloa]], Mexico), [[Biscayne Bay]] (United States), and [[Aguereberry Point]] (United States).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.basqueed.org/BEO%20Basque%20Culture%20Day%202007.htm |title=Basque Culture Day |publisher=Basqueed.org |date=2007-10-06 |access-date=2010-08-22 |archive-date=2011-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807092850/http://www.basqueed.org/BEO%20Basque%20Culture%20Day%202007.htm |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Nueva Vizcaya was the first province in the north of the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico) to be explored and settled by the Spanish. It consisted mostly of the area which is today the states of Chihuahua and Durango (the original [[Durango, Spain|Durango]] is a known city in Biscay).

In Mexico most descendants of Basque émigrés are concentrated in the cities of [[Monterrey]], [[Saltillo]], [[Reynosa]], [[Camargo, Chihuahua|Camargo]], and the states of [[Jalisco]], [[Durango]], [[Nuevo León]], [[Tamaulipas]], [[Coahuila]], and [[Sonora]]. The Basques were important in the mining industry; many were ranchers and vaqueros ([[cowboy]]s), and the rest opened small shops in major cities such as [[Mexico City]], [[Guadalajara, Mexico|Guadalajara]] and [[Puebla]]. In [[Guatemala]], most Basques have been concentrated in [[Sacatepequez Department]], [[Antigua Guatemala]], [[Jalapa Department|Jalapa]] for six generations now, while some have migrated to [[Guatemala City]].

In Colombia, a large number of Basques settled mainly in [[Antioquia Department|Antioquia]] and the [[Colombian coffee growing axis|Coffee Axis]]. In 1955, Joaquín Ospina said: "Is there something more similar to the Basque people than the "''antioqueños''".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lehendakaritza.ejgv.euskadi.eus/r48-contcvpv/en/contenidos/informacion/03_andres_irujo/en_airujo/adjuntos/antioquia.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-11-17 |archive-date=2016-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211439/http://www.lehendakaritza.ejgv.euskadi.eus/r48-contcvpv/en/contenidos/informacion/03_andres_irujo/en_airujo/adjuntos/antioquia.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Also, writer Arturo Escobar Uribe said in his book "''Mitos de Antioquia''" (Myths of Antioquia) (1950): "Antioquia, which in its clean ascendance predominates the peninsular farmer of the Basque provinces, inherited the virtues of its ancestors. ... Despite the predominance of the white race, its extension in the mountains ... has projected over Colombia's map the prototype of its race; in [[Medellín]] with the industrial [[Paisa region|paisa]], entrepreneur, strong and steady ... in its towns, the adventurer, arrogant, world-explorer. ... Its myths, which are an evidence of their deep credulity and an indubitable proof of their Iberian ancestor, are the sequel of the conqueror's blood which runs through their veins".<ref>Arturo Escobar Uribe (1950). Mitos de Antioquia. Introducción.</ref> [[Bambuco]], a Colombian folk music, has Basque roots.<ref>{{in lang|es}} http://campus.usal.es/~investigacionesmusicales/docs/influencia.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519013310/http://campus.usal.es/~investigacionesmusicales/docs/influencia.pdf |date=2020-05-19}}</ref><ref>Ocampo López, J. (1990). Música folclor de Colombia (1st ed., pp. 47, 98). Bogotá, Colombia: Plaza Janés.</ref>