Editing Baroque (section)

===Portuguese Baroque===
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File:Biblioteca Joanina Universidade de Coimbra IMG 0664.JPG|[[Biblioteca Joanina|University Library]], University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, by [[Gaspar Ferreira]], 1716–1728{{sfn|Bailey|2012|p=269}}

File:Mafra (27595630149) (cropped).jpg|[[Palace of Mafra]], Mafra, Portugal, by [[João Frederico Ludovice]], 1717–1755{{sfn|Bailey|2012|p=245}}

Patriarcato di Lisbona (3093346552).jpg|[[Azulejo]] in the cloisters of the [[Monastery of São Vicente de Fora]], Lisbon, Portugal, with a scene based on a print by [[Jean Le Pautre]], unknown architect or craftsman, 1730–1735<ref>{{cite book|last1=van Lemmen|first1=Hans|title=5000 Years of Tiles|date=2013|publisher=The British Museum Press|isbn=978-0-7141-5099-4|page=129|url=|language=en}}</ref>

File:Bom Jesus 2017 (10).jpg|Grand Staircase of the [[Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Monte]], Braga, Portugal, by [[Carlos Luís Ferreira Amarante]] and others, {{circa|1784}}{{sfn|Bailey|2012|p=246}}
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Baroque architecture in Portugal lasted about two centuries (the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century). The reigns of [[John V of Portugal|John V]] and [[Joseph I of Portugal|Joseph I]] had increased imports of gold and diamonds, in a period called Royal Absolutism, which allowed the Portuguese Baroque to flourish.

Baroque architecture in Portugal enjoys a special situation and different timeline from the rest of Europe.

It is conditioned by several political, artistic, and economic factors, that originate several phases, and different kinds of outside influences, resulting in a unique blend,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/research/publications/pdf-library/age-of-the-baroque-in-portugal.html|title=Age of the Baroque in Portugal|website=www.nga.gov}}</ref> often misunderstood by those looking for Italian art, find instead specific forms and character which give it a uniquely Portuguese variety. Another key factor is the existence of the Jesuitical architecture, also called "plain style" (Estilo Chão or Estilo Plano)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.resumos.net/files/caracterizacaodaarquiteturacha.doc |title=Caracterização da arquitetura chã |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808093614/http://resumos.net/files/caracterizacaodaarquiteturacha.doc }}</ref> which like the name evokes, is plainer and appears somewhat austere.

The buildings are single-room basilicas, deep main chapel, lateral chapels (with small doors for communication), without interior and exterior decoration, simple portal and windows. 
It is a practical building, allowing it to be built throughout the empire with minor adjustments, and prepared to be decorated later or when economic resources are available.

In fact, the first Portuguese Baroque does not lack in building because "plain style" is easy to be transformed, by means of decoration (painting, tiling, etc.), turning empty areas into pompous, elaborate baroque scenarios. The same could be applied to the exterior. Subsequently, it is easy to adapt the building to the taste of the time and place, and add on new features and details. Practical and economical.

With more inhabitants and better economic resources, the north, particularly the areas of Porto and [[Braga]],<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Late Baroque and Rococo in North Portugal|author=Bury, J. B.|date=1956|journal=Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians|volume=15|issue=3|pages=7–15|doi=10.2307/987760|jstor=987760}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tastebraga.com/um-roteiro-pelo-barroco-bracarense/|title=Um Roteiro pelo Barroco bracarense|date=30 August 2017|website=Taste Braga}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culturanorte.gov.pt/pt/noticias/apresentacao-do-livro-itinerarios-barrocos/|title=Notícias – Direção Regional de Cultura do Norte|website=culturanorte.gov.pt|access-date=3 February 2020|archive-date=3 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203175857/https://culturanorte.gov.pt/pt/noticias/apresentacao-do-livro-itinerarios-barrocos/}}</ref> witnessed an architectural renewal, visible in the large list of churches, convents and palaces built by the aristocracy.

[[Porto]] is the city of Baroque in Portugal. Its historical centre is part of [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/755/|title=Historic Centre of Oporto, Luiz I Bridge and Monastery of Serra do Pilar|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref>

Many of the Baroque works in the historical area of the city and beyond, belong to [[Nicolau Nasoni]] an Italian architect living in Portugal, drawing original buildings with scenographic emplacement such as the [[Clérigos Church|church and tower of Clérigos]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torredosclerigos.pt/en/history-and-architecture/architecture-and-baroque/|title=Architecture and the Baroque|website=www.torredosclerigos.pt}}</ref> the logia of the [[Porto Cathedral]], the church of Misericórdia, the [[Palace of São João Novo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upt.pt/page.php?p=654|title=Church of S. João Novo|website=www.upt.pt}}</ref> the [[Palácio do Freixo|Palace of Freixo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/pt/patrimonio/patrimonio-imovel/pesquisa-do-patrimonio/classificado-ou-em-vias-de-classificacao/geral/view/70403/|title=DGPC &#124; Pesquisa Geral|website=www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt}}</ref> the [[Episcopal Palace of Porto|Episcopal Palace]] ([[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Paço Episcopal do Porto'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/en/patrimonio/patrimonio-imovel/pesquisa-do-patrimonio/classificado-ou-em-vias-de-classificacao/geral/view/70404|title=DGPC &#124; Pesquisa Geral|website=www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt}}</ref> along with many others.