Editing Australian English (section)

===Sociocultural variation===<!-- [[General Australian]] redirects here-->
The General Australian accent serves as the [[standard language|standard variety]] of English across the country. According to linguists, it emerged during the 19th century.<ref>Bruce Moore (Australian Oxford Dictionary) and Felicity Cox (Macquarie University) [interviewed in]: ''Sounds of Aus'' (television documentary) 2007; director: David Swann; Writer: Lawrie Zion, Princess Pictures (broadcaster: ABC Television).</ref> General Australian is the dominant variety across the continent, and is particularly so in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.international.mq.edu.au/globe/default.aspx?id=244&EditionID=162| title = Australia's unique and evolving sound| access-date = 22 January 2009| archive-date = 27 September 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090927000652/http://www.international.mq.edu.au/globe/default.aspx?id=244&EditionID=162| url-status = dead}} Edition 34, 2007 (23 August 2007) – ''The Macquarie Globe''</ref> The increasing dominance of General Australian reflects its prominence on radio and television since the latter half of the 20th century.

Recent generations have seen a comparatively smaller proportion of the population speaking with the ''Broad'' sociocultural variant, which differs from General Australian in its phonology. The Broad variant is found across the continent and is relatively more prominent in rural and outer-suburban areas.<ref>{{cite news|last=Das|first=Sushi|title=Struth! Someone's nicked me Strine|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Struth-Someones-nicked-me-Strine/2005/01/28/1106850102203.html|newspaper=The Age|date=29 January 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Corderoy|first=Amy|title=It's all English, but vowels ain't voils|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/its-all-english-but-vowels-aint-voils-20100125-mukf.html|newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald|date=26 January 2010}}</ref>

A largely historical ''Cultivated'' sociocultural variant, which adopted features of British [[Received Pronunciation]] and which was commonplace in official media during the early 20th century, had become largely extinct by the onset of the 21st century.<ref>{{cite news|last=Jamieson|first=Maya|title=Australia's accent only now starting to adopt small changes|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-s-accent-only-now-starting-to-adopt-small-changes|newspaper=SBS News|date=12 September 2017}}</ref>

[[Australian Aboriginal English]] is made up of a range of forms which developed differently in different parts of Australia, and are said to vary along a continuum, from forms close to Standard Australian English to more non-standard forms. There are distinctive features of accent, grammar, words and meanings, as well as language use.

Academics have noted the emergence of numerous ethnocultural dialects of Australian English that are spoken by people from some [[Minority group|minority]] non-English speaking backgrounds.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clas.mq.edu.au/australian-voices/australian-english |title=australian english &#124; Australian Voices |publisher=Clas.mq.edu.au |date=30 July 2010 |access-date=26 July 2011}}</ref> These ethnocultural varieties contain features of General Australian English as adopted by the children of immigrants blended with some non-English language features, such as [[Afro-Asiatic]] languages and [[Asian languages|languages of Asia]]. [[Samoa#Language|Samoan English]] is also influencing Australian English.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.abc.net.au/article/13079360| title = Reference at www.abc.net.au| website = [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}} {{dead link|date=March 2023}}</ref> Other [[ethnolects]] include those of Lebanese and Vietnamese Australians.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/learn-english-six-facts-about-the-aussie-accent/8963136 |title=Six facts about the Australian accent |date=18 Dec 2017 |website=ABC Education |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |access-date= 9 April 2023}}</ref>

A [[high rising terminal]] in Australian English was noted and studied earlier than in other varieties of English.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Speech of Australian Adolescents: A Study in Phonetics and Intonation. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. |publisher=Mitchell, A. G., & Delbridge, A. (1965). |access-date=9 May 2025}}</ref> The feature is sometimes called ''Australian questioning intonation''. Research published in 1986, regarding vernacular speech in [[Sydney]], suggested that high rising terminal was initially spread by young people in the 1960s. It found that the high rising terminal was used more than twice as often by young people than older people, and is more common among women than men.<ref name="guy">{{cite journal |last1=Guy |first1=G. |last2=Horvath |first2=B. |last3=Vonwiller |first3=J. |last4=Daisley |first4=E. |last5=Rogers |first5=I. |title=An intonational change in progress in Australian English |journal=Language in Society |volume=15 |year=1986 |pages=23&ndash;52 |issn=0047-4045 | doi = 10.1017/s0047404500011635 |s2cid=146425401 }}</ref> In the [[United Kingdom]], it has occasionally been considered one of the variety's stereotypical features, and its spread there is attributed to the popularity of [[Soap opera#Australia|Australian soap operas]].<ref name="aqi">{{cite news |first=Chris |last=Stokel-Walker |title=The unstoppable march of the upward inflection? |work=[[BBC News]] |date=11 August 2014 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28708526 |access-date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>