Editing Aphid (section)

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The phylogenetic tree, based on Papasotiropoulos 2013 and Kim 2011, with additions from Ortiz-Rivas and Martinez-Torres 2009, shows the internal [[phylogeny]] of the Aphididae.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Papasotiropoulos, Vassilis |author2=Tsiamis, Georgios |author3=Papaioannou, Charikleia |author4=Kilias, George |title=A molecular phylogenetic study of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence analysis |journal=Journal of Biological Research-Thessaloniki |year=2013 |volume=20 |pages=1–13 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249007487 |access-date=2018-01-15 |archive-date=2018-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116135143/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249007487 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Kim2011">{{cite journal | last1=Kim | first1=Hyojoong | last2=Lee | first2=Seunghwan | last3=Jang | first3=Yikweon | editor-last=Moreau | editor-first=Corrie S. | title=Macroevolutionary Patterns in the Aphidini Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Diversification, Host Association, and Biogeographic Origins | journal=PLOS ONE | volume=6 | issue=9 | date=September 2011 | doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024749 | pmid=21935453 | page=e24749| bibcode=2011PLoSO...624749K | pmc=3174202 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Ortiz-Rivas Martínez-Torres 2010">{{cite journal | last1=Ortiz-Rivas | first1=Benjamín | last2=Martínez-Torres | first2=David | title=Combination of molecular data support the existence of three main lineages in the phylogeny of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the basal position of the subfamily Lachninae | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=55 | issue=1 | year=2010 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2009.12.005 | pmid=20004730 | pages=305–317| bibcode=2010MolPE..55..305O }}</ref>

It has been suggested that the phylogeny of the aphid groups might be revealed by examining the phylogeny of their bacterial [[endosymbiont]]s, especially the obligate endosymbiont ''[[Buchnera (bacterium)|Buchnera]]''. The results depend on the assumption that the symbionts are strictly [[Vertical transmission (symbiont)|transmitted vertically]] through the generations. This assumption is well supported by the evidence, and several phylogenetic relationships have been suggested on the basis of endosymbiont studies.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0517:CBBEBA]2.0.CO;2 |pmid=10937228 |year=2000 |volume=54 |issue=2 |pages=517–25 |title=Cospeciation Between Bacterial Endosymbionts (Buchnera) and a Recent Radiation of Aphids (Uroleucon) and Pitfalls of Testing for Phylogenetic Congruence |journal=Evolution |last1=Clark |first1=Marta A|last2=Moran |first2=Nancy A. |last3=Baumann |first3=Paul |last4=Wernegreen |first4=Jennifer J.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2013.03.016 |pmid=23542003 |title=Reconstructing the phylogeny of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using DNA of the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=42–54 |year=2013 |last1=Nováková |first1=Eva |last2=Hypša |first2=Václav |last3=Klein |first3=Joanne |last4=Foottit |first4=Robert G |last5=von Dohlen |first5=Carol D. |last6=Moran |first6=Nancy A. |bibcode=2013MolPE..68...42N |url=http://www.canacoll.org/Hemip/Staff/Foottit/PDFs/Novakova_et_al_2013/Novakova_et_al_2013.pdf |access-date=2018-04-27 |archive-date=2017-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810051059/http://www.canacoll.org/Hemip/Staff/Foottit/PDFs/Novakova_et_al_2013/Novakova_et_al_2013.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/s41598-017-10761-9 |pmid=28860659 |pmc=5579299 |title=Insect-bacteria parallel evolution in multiple-co-obligate-aphid association: A case in Lachninae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=10204 |year=2017 |last1=Chen |first1=Rui |last2=Wang |first2=Zhe |last3=Chen |first3=Jing |last4=Jiang |first4=Li-Yun |last5=Qiao |first5=Ge-Xia|bibcode=2017NatSR...710204C }}</ref>

{{clade
|label1='''Aphididae'''
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Lachninae]] [[File:Schizolachnus sp 20120528.JPG|100px]]
   |2={{clade
      |1=[[Hormaphidinae]] [[File:Witch Hazel Cone Gall Aphid - Flickr - treegrow (2).jpg|80px]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=[[Calaphidinae]] [[File:Calaphis.flava.-.lindsey.jpg|100px]]
         |2={{clade
            |1=[[Chaitophorinae]] [[File:Periphyllus sp. aphids on sycamore (cropped).jpg|80px]]
            |2={{clade
               |1=[[Eriosomatinae]] (woolly aphids) [[File:Eriosoma ulmi (European Elm Leafcurl Aphid).jpg|80px]]
               |2=[[Anoeciinae]] [[File:Anoecia corni1.jpg|80px]]
               }}
            |3={{clade
               |1=''[[Capitophorus]]'', ''[[Pterocomma]]''
               |label2=[[Aphidinae]]
               |2={{clade
                  |1=[[Macrosiphini]] [[File:Macrosiphum rosae (alate i.e. winged form) on a rose bud.jpg|70px]]
                  |label2=[[Aphidini]]
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Rhopalosiphina]] [[File:Snodgrass Rhopalosiphum prunifoliae (wings closed).jpg|100px]]
                     |2=[[Aphidina]] (''[[Aphis]]'' spp) [[File:Aphids May 2010-3.jpg|60px]]
                     }}
                  }}
               }}
            }} 
         }}
      }}
   }}
}}

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