Editing Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (section)

==Literary works==
While not precisely autobiographical, much of Saint-Exupéry's work is inspired by his experiences as a pilot. One notable example is his novella, ''[[The Little Prince]],'' a poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours in which a pilot stranded in the desert meets a young prince fallen to Earth from a tiny [[asteroid]]. "His most popular work, ''The Little Prince'' was partially based upon a crash he and his navigator survived in the Libyan desert. They were stranded and dehydrated for four days, nearing death when they miraculously stumbled upon a Bedouin who gave them water."<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=The True Events That Inspired 'The Little Prince'|url=https://time.com/4255854/little-prince-1943-history-2/|access-date=2022-01-06|magazine=Time|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203111409/https://time.com/4255854/little-prince-1943-history-2/|url-status=live}}</ref> Saint-Exupéry wrote in ''Wind, Sand and Stars'' that the Bedouin saved their lives and gave them "charity and magnanimity [by] bearing the gift of water."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wind, Sand and Stars Quotes by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry|url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1198592-terre-des-hommes|access-date=2022-01-06|website=www.goodreads.com|archive-date=6 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106223254/https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/1198592-terre-des-hommes|url-status=live}}</ref> ''The Little Prince'' is a philosophical story, including societal criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the adult world. One biographer wrote of his most famous work: "Rarely have an author and a character been so intimately bound together as Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and his Little Prince," and remarking of their dual fates, "...the two remain tangled together, twin innocents who fell from the sky."<ref name=NYT2000/>

Saint-Exupéry's notable literary works (published English translations in parentheses) include:<ref name=NetB/>
* ''[[:fr:L'Aviateur|L'Aviateur]]'' (1926) ([[The Aviator (short story)|''The Aviator'']], in the anthology ''[[A Sense of Life]]'')
* ''[[:fr:Courrier sud|Courrier sud]]'' (1929) (''[[Southern Mail (novel)|Southern Mail]]'') – made as a movie in French
* ''[[:fr:Vol de nuit|Vol de nuit]]'' (1931) (''[[Night Flight (novel)|Night Flight]]'') – winner of the full [[prix Femina]] and made twice as a movie and a TV film, both in English
* ''The Wild Garden'' (1938) – Limited to one thousand copies privately printed for the friends of the author and his publishers as a New Year's Greeting. The story is taken from the forthcoming book, ''Wind, Sand and Stars'', to be published in the spring of 1939.
* ''[[:fr:Terre des hommes|Terre des hommes]]'' (1939) – winner of the [[Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française]]
: ''[[Wind, Sand and Stars]]'' (simultaneous distinct English version){{#tag:ref|The French and English versions of this book (''Terre des hommes''/''[[Wind, Sand and Stars]]'') differed significantly, with Saint-Exupéry removing sections from the original French version he did not consider appropriate for its targeted U.S. audience, and adding new material specifically written for that group and translated into English, which he could not speak. Although it did not appear in its earliest editions of the English translation, ''An Appreciation'' was added to later printings, contributed by [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]], and earlier published in ''[[The Saturday Review of Literature]]'' on 14 October 1939.<ref name=Miller/>|group="Note"}} – winner of the U.S. [[National Book Award]]<ref name=Miller/><ref name=NYT1940/>
* ''[[:fr:Pilote de guerre|Pilote de guerre]]'' (1942) (titled in English as: ''[[Flight to Arras]]'') – winner of the [[:fr:Aéro-Club de France#Prix littéraires|Grand Prix Littéraire de l'Aéro-Club de France]]<ref name=Fay1/>
* ''[[:fr:Le Petit Prince|Le petit prince]]'' (1943) (''[[The Little Prince]]''), posthumous in France<ref name=Fay1/> – translated into more than 250 languages and dialects and among the [[Best selling books#More than 100 million copies|top four selling books in the world]];<ref name=Investor/> made as both movies and TV films in a number of languages, and [[List of The Little Prince adaptations|adapted to numerous other media]] in many languages
* ''[[:fr:Lettre à un otage|Lettre à un otage]]'' (1944) (''Letter to a Hostage'', posthumous in English)<ref name=Fay2>Fay 1946, p. 463.</ref>

===<small>Published posthumously</small>===
* ''[[:fr:Citadelle (livre)|Citadelle]]'' (1948) (titled in English: as ''The Wisdom of the Sands'') – winner of the [[:fr:Prix des Ambassadeurs|Prix des Ambassadeurs]]
* ''[[:fr:Lettres à une jeune fille|Lettres à une jeune fille]]'' (1950)
* ''[[:fr:Lettres de jeunesse|Lettres de jeunesse, 1923–1931]]'' (1953)
* ''Lettres à l'amie inventée'' (1953)<ref name=Smith>Smith, Maxwell A. [http://www.trussel.com/saint-ex/smithbib.htm ''Knight of the Air: The Life and Works of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317020913/http://trussel.com/saint-ex/smithbib.htm |date=17 March 2013 }} New York: Pageant Press, 1956; London: Cassell, 1959, bibliography, pp. 205–221.</ref>
* ''[[:fr:Carnets|Carnets]]'' (1953)
* ''[[:fr:Lettres à sa mère|Lettres à sa mère]]'' (1955)
* ''[[:fr:Un sens à la vie|Un sens à la vie]]'' (1956), (''[[A Sense of Life]]'')<ref name=Sense/><ref name=Flying/>{{#tag:ref|The last paragraph of ''Flying''{{'}}s book review of ''A Sense of Life'' incorrectly states that Saint-Exupéry's last mission was a bombing run, when in fact it was a photo-reconnaissance assignment for the pending invasion of Southern France.|group="Note"}}
* ''Lettres de Saint-Exupéry'' (1960)
* ''Lettres aux américains'' (1960)
* ''[[:fr:Écrits de guerre|Écrits de guerre, 1939–1944]]'' (1982) (''Wartime Writings, 1939–1944'')
* ''[[:fr:Manon, danseuse|Manon, danseuse]]'' (2007)
* ''[[:fr:Lettres à l'inconnue|Lettres à l'inconnue]]'' (1992)

===Other works===
During the 1930s, Saint-Exupéry led a mixed life as an aviator, journalist, author and publicist for [[Air France]], [[Aéropostale (aviation)|Aéropostale]]'s successor. His journalistic writings for ''[[Paris-Soir]]'', ''[[Marianne (magazine)|Marianne]]'' and other newspapers covered events in [[Indochina]] and the Far East (1934), the Mediterranean, Soviet Union and Moscow (1935), and the [[Spanish Civil War]] (1936–1937). Saint-Exupéry wrote a number of shorter pieces, essays and commentaries for various newspapers and magazines.{{sfnp|Saint-Exupéry|1965}}

Notable among those during World War II was "An Open Letter to Frenchmen Everywhere", which was highly controversial in its attempt to rally support for France against Nazi oppression at a time when the French were sharply divided between support of the [[Gaullists]] and [[Vichy France|Vichy]] factions. It was published in ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'' in November 1942, in its original French in ''Le Canada, de Montréal'' at the same time, and in ''Pour la Victoire'' the following month.<ref name=OpenLetter/><ref name=Miller/> Other shorter pieces include (in French except where translated by others to English):<ref name=Smith/><ref name=OpenLetter/>
* "Une Lettre de M. de Saint-Exupéry", ''[[:fr:Les Annales politiques et littéraires|Les Annales politiques et littéraires]]'', 15 December 1931; (extracts from a letter written to [[Benjamin Crémieux]]).
* Preface of ''Destin de Le Brix'' by José le Boucher, Nouvelle Librairie Française, 1932.
* Preface of ''Grandeur et servitude de l'aviation'' by [[:fr:Maurice Bourdet|Maurice Bourdet]], Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1933.
* "Reflections on War", translated from ''[[Paris-Soir]]'' and published in ''[[Living Age]]'', November 1938, pp.&nbsp;225–228.
* Preface of ''Vent se lève'' (French translation of ''[[Listen! The Wind]]'') by [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]], Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1939.{{#tag:ref|In exchange, Lindbergh contributed "An Appreciation" to the later printings of Saint-Exupéry's ''Wind, Sand and Stars'', earlier published in ''[[The Saturday Review of Literature]]'' on 14 October 1939.<ref name=Miller/>|group="Note"}}
* Preface of ''Pilotes d'essai'' by [[:fr:Jean-Marie Conty|Jean-Marie Conty]], Paris: Edition Spes, 1939.
* "Books I Remember", ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'', April 1941.
* "Letter to Young Americans", ''The American High School Weekly'', 25 May 1942, pp.&nbsp;17–18.
* "Voulez-vous, Français, vous reconcilier?", ''Le Canada, de Montreal'', 30 November 1942.
* "L'Homme et les éléments", ''Confluences'', 1947, Vol. VII, pp.&nbsp;12–14 (issue dedicated to Saint-Exupéry; originally published in English in 1939 as 'The Elements' in ''[[Wind, Sand and Stars]]'').
* "Lettre Inédite au General C", ''[[Le Figaro]] Littéraire'', 10 April 1948 (posthumous).
* "Seigneur Berbère", ''[[Éditions de la Table ronde]]'', No. 7, July 1948 (posthumous).

===Censorship and publication bans===
''Pilote de guerre'' (''Flight To Arras''), which describes the German invasion of France, was slightly censored when it was released in its original French during wartime by [[Éditions Gallimard]] in his homeland in 1942, due to the removal of a derogatory remark which was made about [[Hitler]] (which Gallimard failed to reinsert in subsequent editions after [[World War II]]). Shortly after the book's wartime release in France, Nazi appeasers and Vichy supporters objected to its praise of one of Saint-Exupéry's squadron colleagues, Captain [[Jean Israël]], who was portrayed as being amongst the squadron's bravest defenders during the [[Battle of France]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Associés |first=Pierre Bergé & |title=Antoine de Saint-Exupéry |url=http://www.pba-auctions.com/en/lot/116682/16604427-antoine-de-saintexuperywar-pilsearch=& |access-date=2024-06-28 |website=Pierre Bergé & Associés |language=fr}}</ref>

In support of their German occupiers and masters, Vichy authorities attacked the author as a defender of [[Jews]] (in [[racist]] terms) leading to the praised book being banned in France,<ref name=":0" /> along with prohibitions against further printings of Saint-Exupéry's other works.{{sfnp|Schiff|1996|p=366}} Prior to [[Military history of France during World War II#Campaign of France (1944–1945)|France's liberation]] new printings of Saint-Exupéry's works were made available there only by means of covert print runs, such as that of February 1943 when 1,000 copies of an [[Resistance during World War II|underground]] version of ''Pilote de guerre'' were printed in Lyon.{{sfnp|Schiff|1996|p=366}}{{sfnp|Severson|2004|p=166, 171}}<ref name=NetC/>

A further complication occurred due to Saint-Exupéry's and others' view of General [[Charles de Gaulle]], who was held in low regard. Early in the war, de Gaulle became the leader of the [[Free French Forces]] in exile, with his headquarters in London. Even though both men were working to free France from Nazi occupation, Saint-Exupéry viewed de Gaulle with apprehension as a possible post-war dictator, and he consequently provided no public support to the General. De Gaulle retaliated by implying that the author was a supporter of Germany, and he then had his literary works banned in [[Resistance during World War II|France's North African colonies]]. Saint-Exupéry's writings were, with irony, banned simultaneously in [[occupied France]] and the territory which was controlled by [[Free France]].<ref name=NYT2000/>{{sfnp|Schiff|1996|p=414}}

===Extension of copyrights in France===
Due to Saint-Exupéry's wartime death, the French government awarded his estate the [[Napoleonic code|civil code]] designation ''[[Mort pour la France]]'' (English: ''Died for France'') in 1948. Amongst the law's provisions is an increase of 30 years to the duration of the original copyright's duration of 70 years; thus most of Saint-Exupéry's creative works will not fall out of copyright status in France for an extra 30 years.<ref name=Celog/>{{sfnp|Schiff|2006|p=438}}