Editing Annales school (section)

==Impact outside France==
The ''Annales'' school systematically reached out to create an impact on other countries. Its success varied widely.<ref>Burke, ''French Historical Revolution'' (1990) ch 5.</ref> The ''Annales'' approach was especially well received in [[Italy]] and [[Poland]]. [[Franciszek Bujak]] (1875–1953) and [[Jan Rutkowski (historian)|Jan Rutkowski]] (1886–1949), the founders of modern economic history in Poland and of the journal {{lang|pl|Roczniki Dziejów Spolecznych i Gospodarczych}} (1931– ), were attracted to the innovations of the Annales school. Rutkowski was in contact with Bloch and others, and published in the ''Annales''. After the Communists took control in the 1940s Polish scholars were safer working on the Middle Ages and the early modern era rather than contemporary history. After the "[[Polish October]]" of 1956 the Sixth Section in Paris welcomed Polish historians and exchanges between the circle of the ''Annales'' and Polish scholars continued until the early 1980s. The reciprocal influence between the French school and Polish historiography was particularly evident in studies on the Middle Ages and the early modern era studied by Braudel.<ref>Anita Krystyna Shelton, ''The Democratic Idea in Polish History and Historiography'' (1989). Even the Marxist journal {{lang|pl|Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej}}, founded in 1953, had an ''Annales'' flavor.</ref>

In South America the ''Annales'' approach became popular. From the 1950s [[Federico Brito Figueroa]] was the founder of a new Venezuelan historiography based largely on the ideas of the Annales School. Brito Figueroa carried his conception of the field to all levels of university study, emphasizing a systematic and scientific approach to history and placing it squarely in the social sciences. Spanish historiography was influenced by the "Annales School" starting in 1950 with Jaume Vicens Vives (1910–1960).<ref>Nil Santiáñez-Tió, "Temporalidad y discurso histórico: Propuesta de una renovación metodológica de la historia de la literatura española moderna". [Temporality and Historical Discourse: Proposal of a Methodological Renewal of the History of Modern Spanish Literature]. ''Hispanic Review'' 1997 65(3): 267–290. {{ISSN|0018-2176}} Fulltext: [https://www.jstor.org/stable/474948 in Jstor]</ref> In Mexico, exiled Republican intellectuals extended the Annales approach, particularly from the Center for Historical Studies of El Colegio de México, the leading graduate studies institution of Latin America.

British historians, apart from a few Marxists, were generally hostile. Academic historians decidedly sided with [[Geoffrey Elton]]'s ''[[The Practice of History]]'' against [[Edward Hallett Carr]]'s ''[[What Is History?]]'' One of the few British historians who were sympathetic towards the work of the ''Annales'' school was [[Hugh Trevor-Roper]]. Among American academics, founding figure in American [[history of technology]] [[Lynn White Jr.]] dedicated his seminal and controversial book ''Medieval Technology and Social Change'' to ''Annales'' founder Marc Bloch.<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=Lynn |title=Medieval Technology and Social Change |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1962 |isbn=978-0-19-500266-9}}</ref> Both the American and the ''Annales'' historians picked up important family reconstitution techniques from French demographer [[Louis Henry (historian)|Louis Henry]].<ref>Burke, ''French Historical Revolution'' (1990), pp 56, 96–100.</ref>

The [[Wageningen University and Research Centre|Wageningen]] school centered on [[Bernard Slicher van Bath]] was viewed internationally as a Dutch counterpart of the Annales school, although Slicher van Bath himself vehemently rejected the idea of a quantitative "school" of historiography.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |first=Jan |last=Kuys |title=Bernard Hendrik Slicher van Bath |encyclopedia=Biografisch Woordenboek Gelderland |publisher=Verloren |year=2006 |url=http://www.biografischwoordenboekgelderland.nl/bio/6_Bernard_Hendrik_Slicher_van_Bath |access-date=2015-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020164930/http://www.biografischwoordenboekgelderland.nl/bio/6_Bernard_Hendrik_Slicher_van_Bath |archive-date=2016-10-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The ''Annales'' school has been cited as a key influence in the development of [[World Systems Theory]] by sociologist [[Immanuel Wallerstein]].<ref>Wallerstein, Immanuel M. 2004. World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.</ref>