Editing Anime (section)

=== Characters ===
[[File:Anime Art Styles.png|thumb|left|Anime character design is diverse, but often incorporates common elements depending on the target demographic and era. These are representative samples. <br>'''Clockwise from the top left''': ''[[Ashita no Joe]]'' (1970), ''[[Macross: Do You Remember Love?]]'' (1984), ''[[Ghost in the Shell (1995 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]'' (1995), ''[[K-On!]]'' (2009), ''[[Your Name]]'' (2016), ''[[The Hidden Dungeon Only I Can Enter]]'' (2021), ''[[Fruits Basket (2001 TV series)|Fruits Basket]]'' (2001), and ''[[Rurouni Kenshin]]'' (1996). ]]

The body proportions of human anime characters tend to accurately reflect the proportions of the human body in reality. The height of the head is considered by the artist as the base unit of proportion. Head to height ratios vary drastically by art style, with most anime characters falling between 5 and 8 heads tall. Anime artists occasionally make deliberate modifications to body proportions to produce [[Chibi (style)|chibi]] characters that feature a disproportionately small body compared to the head; many chibi characters are two to four heads tall. Some anime works like ''[[Crayon Shin-chan]]'' completely disregard these proportions, in such a way that they resemble [[caricature]]d Western [[cartoon]]s.

A common anime character design convention is exaggerated eye size. The animation of characters with large eyes in anime can be traced back to Osamu Tezuka, who was deeply influenced by such early animation characters as [[Betty Boop]], who was drawn with disproportionately large eyes.{{sfn|Brenner|2007|pp=6–7}} Tezuka is a central figure in anime and manga history, whose iconic art style and character designs allowed for the entire range of human emotions to be depicted solely through the eyes.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=60}} The artist adds variable color shading to the eyes and particularly to the cornea to give them greater depth. Generally, a mixture of a light shade, the tone color, and a dark shade is used.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.biorust.com/tutorials/detail/141/en/ |title=Basic Anime Eye Tutorial |access-date=August 22, 2007 |work=Centi, Biorust.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824072700/http://biorust.com/tutorials/detail/141/en/ |archive-date=August 24, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Carlus|date=June 6, 2007|title=How to color anime eye|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyJ9yfYl_Fc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211111545/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyJ9yfYl_Fc|archive-date=December 11, 2011|access-date=August 22, 2007|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> However, not all anime characters have large eyes. For example, the works of [[Hayao Miyazaki]] are known for having realistically proportioned eyes, as well as realistic hair colors on their characters.{{sfn|Poitras|1998}}

Hair in anime is often unnaturally lively and colorful or uniquely styled. The movement of hair in anime is exaggerated and "hair actions" is used to emphasize the action and emotions of characters for added visual effect.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|pp=61–62}} [[Gilles Poitras]] traces hairstyle color to cover illustrations on manga, where eye-catching artwork and colorful tones are attractive for children's manga.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|pp=61–62}} Some anime will depict non-Japanese characters with specific ethnic features, such as a pronounced nose and jutting jaw for European characters.<ref name="do1">{{cite web |title=Do Manga Characters Look 'White'? |last=Thorn |first=Rachel |author-link=Rachel Thorn |url=http://www.matt-thorn.com/mangagaku/faceoftheother.html |access-date=December 11, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717060459/http://www.matt-thorn.com/mangagaku/faceoftheother.html |archive-date=July 17, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> In other cases, anime feature characters whose race or nationality is not always defined, and this is often a deliberate decision, such as in the ''[[Pokémon (anime)|Pokémon]]'' animated series.{{sfn|Tobin|2004|page=88}}

Anime and manga artists often draw from a common canon of iconic facial expression illustrations to denote particular moods and thoughts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mangatutorials.com/tut/expressions.php |title=Manga Tutorials: Emotional Expressions |access-date=August 22, 2008 |work=Rio |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080729175352/http://www.mangatutorials.com/tut/expressions.php |archive-date=July 29, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> These techniques are often different in form than their counterparts in Western animation, and they include a fixed [[manga iconography|iconography]] that is used as shorthand for certain emotions and moods.<ref name="bloody" /> For example, a male character may develop a [[nosebleed]] when aroused.<ref name="bloody">{{cite web |url=http://www.umich.edu/~anime/info_emotions.html |title=Emotional Iconography in Animae |author=University of Michigan Animae Project |access-date=August 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402130601/http://www.umich.edu/~anime/info_emotions.html |archive-date=April 2, 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> A variety of visual symbols are employed, including sweat drops to depict nervousness, visible blushing for embarrassment, or glowing eyes for an intense glare.{{sfn|Brenner|2007|p=52}} Another recurring sight gag is the use of [[Chibi (style)|chibi]] (deformed, simplified character designs) figures to comedically punctuate emotions like confusion or embarrassment.<ref name="bloody" />