Editing André Malraux (section)

===World War II===
At the beginning of the [[Second World War]], Malraux joined the [[French Army]]. He was captured in 1940 during the [[Battle of France]] but escaped and later joined the [[French Resistance]].<ref>Cate, pp. 278–287</ref> In 1944, he was captured by the [[Gestapo]].<ref>Cate, pp. 328–332</ref> Detained in the [[Saint-Michel prison (Toulouse)|Saint-Michel prison]], he narrowly escaped deportation thanks to the liberation of [[Toulouse]] by Allied forces on August 19, 1944.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-16 |title=PHOTOS. De la résistance aux mangas : la prison Saint-Michel de Toulouse, un lieu de mémoire réinventé |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/occitanie/haute-garonne/toulouse/photos-de-la-resistance-aux-mangas-la-prison-saint-michel-de-toulouse-un-lieu-de-memoire-reinvente-3018755.html |access-date=2025-04-01 |website=France 3 Occitanie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> He later commanded the [[Brigade Alsace-Lorraine]] in defence of [[Strasbourg]] and in the attack on [[Stuttgart]].<ref>Cate, pp. 340–349</ref>

André's half-brother, Claude, a [[Special Operations Executive]] (SOE) agent, was also captured by the Germans, and executed at [[Gross-Rosen concentration camp]] in 1944.<ref name=SOE-CLAUDE>{{Cite web |date=2006-03-26 |title=SOE - Malraux, Claude Raymond |url=https://www.specialforcesroh.com/index.php?threads/malraux-claude-raymond.4068/ |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.specialforcesroh.com%2Fshowthread.php%3F4068-Malraux-Claude-Raymond%26highlight%3DClaude%2BMalraux |archive-date=2019-07-01 |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=Special Forces Roll Of Honour |language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[Otto Abetz]] was the German Ambassador, and produced a series of "black lists" of authors forbidden to be read, circulated or sold in Nazi occupied France. These included anything written by a Jew, a communist, an Anglo-Saxon or anyone else who was anti-Germanic or anti-fascist. [[Louis Aragon]] and André Malraux were both on these "Otto Lists" of forbidden authors.<ref>Moorehead, Caroline. 2011. A Train in Winter. Pages 21-22.</ref>

After the war, Malraux was awarded the ''[[Médaille de la Résistance]]'' and the {{lang|fr|[[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]]}}. The British awarded him the [[Distinguished Service Order]], for his work with British liaison officers in [[Corrèze]], Dordogne and [[Lot (department)|Lot]]. After Dordogne was liberated, Malraux led a battalion of former resistance fighters to [[Alsace-Lorraine]], where they fought alongside the [[First Army (France)|First Army]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documentsonline/details-result.asp?Edoc_Id=7792088|title=Recommendations for Honours and Awards (Army)—Malraux, Andre|work=DocumentsOnline|publisher=[[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]|format=fee usually required to view full pdf of original recommendation|access-date=23 September 2009}}</ref>

During the war, he worked on his last novel, ''The Struggle with the Angel'', the title drawn from the story of the Biblical [[Jacob]]. The manuscript was destroyed by the Gestapo after his capture in 1944. A surviving first section, titled ''The Walnut Trees of Altenburg'', was published after the war.