Editing Al-Aqsa Mosque (section)

===Ottoman/modern period===
[[File:Jerusalem Al Aqsa Moschee um 1900.jpg|thumb|left|The front view in 1900]]

After the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] assumed power in 1517, they did not undertake any major renovations or repairs to the mosque. They made architectural contributions elsewhere on the Haram, including building the [[Fountain of Qasim Pasha]] (1527) and three free-standing domes—the most notable being the [[Dome of the Prophet]] built in 1538, and restoring the [[Pool of Raranj]]. These constructions were commissioned by the Ottoman governors of Jerusalem, rather than the [[List of Ottoman Sultans|sultans]],<ref name=AG07>[http://www.aqsa.org.uk/MULTIMEDIA/AlAqsaGuide/tabid/82/language/en-GB/Default.aspx Al-Aqsa Guide] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006175930/http://www.aqsa.org.uk/MULTIMEDIA/AlAqsaGuide/tabid/82/language/en-GB/Default.aspx |date=6 October 2008 }} Friends of Al-Aqsa 2007.</ref> whose contributions were limited to additions to the existing minarets.<ref name=AG07/>

In 1816, the mosque was restored by [[Sulayman Pasha al-Adil]], the [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]-based governor of [[Sidon Eyalet|Sidon]], after having been in a dilapidated state.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pappe |first=Ilan |title=The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty: The Huyaynis 1700 – 1948 |date=2012 |publisher=Saqi Books |isbn=978-0-86356-801-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WzshBQAAQBAJ |chapter=Chapter 2: In the Shadow of Acre and Cairo: The Third Generation |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715070725/https://books.google.com/books?id=WzshBQAAQBAJ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The first renovation in the 20th century occurred in 1922, when the [[Supreme Muslim Council]] under [[Amin al-Husayni]] (the [[Grand Mufti of Jerusalem]]) commissioned [[Turkey|Turkish]] architect [[Mimar Kemaleddin Bey|Ahmet Kemalettin Bey]] to restore al-Aqsa Mosque and the monuments in its precincts. The council also commissioned [[Great Britain|British]] architects, [[Egypt]]ian engineering experts and local officials to contribute to and oversee the repairs and additions which were carried out in 1924–25 by Kemalettin. The renovations included reinforcing the mosque's ancient Umayyad foundations, rectifying the interior columns, replacing the beams, erecting a [[scaffolding]], conserving the [[arch]]es and drum of the main dome's interior, rebuilding the southern wall, and replacing timber in the central nave with a slab of concrete. The renovations also revealed Fatimid-era mosaics and inscriptions on the interior arches that had been covered with [[plasterwork]]. The arches were decorated with gold and green-tinted [[gypsum]] and their timber tie beams were replaced with [[brass]]. A quarter of the stained glass windows also were carefully renewed so as to preserve their original Abbasid and Fatimid designs.<ref name="Yuvaz149-153">Yuvaz, 1996, pp.&nbsp;149–153.</ref>

Severe damage was caused by the [[Galilee earthquake of 1837|1837]] and [[1927 Jericho earthquake|1927]] earthquakes.<ref name="Nusseibeh"/> The damage from the 1927 earthquake and a small tremor in the summer of 1937 caused the roof of the mosque to collapse.<ref name=Hamilton1-2>[[Robert Hamilton (archaeologist)|Hamilton]] (1949), pp. 1–[http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=83&id=6683 2] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026170115/http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=83&id=6683 |date=26 October 2020 }}</ref> Repairs were undertaken in 1938 and 1942.<ref name="Nusseibeh"/> The upper part of the north wall of the mosque was reconstructed and the whole interior of the roofing was refaced. Other repairs included the partial reconstruction of the jambs and lintels of the central doors, the refacing of the front of five bays of the porch, and the demolition of the vaulted buildings that formerly adjoined the east side of the mosque.<ref name=Hamilton1-2/> [[Italian Fascist]] leader [[Benito Mussolini]] donated [[Carrara marble]] columns in the late 1930s.<ref>Fr Alexander Lucie-Smith, [https://catholicherald.co.uk/jerusalems-archives-a-tantalising-glimpse-of-a-lost-world/ ''Jerusalem's archives: a tantalising glimpse of a lost world''], [[Catholic Herald]], 29 August 2019. Accessed 14 June 2023.</ref>

On 20 July 1951, [[King Abdullah I]] was shot three times by a Palestinian gunman as he entered the mosque, killing him. His grandson [[King Hussein of Jordan|Prince Hussein]], was at his side and was also hit, though a medal he was wearing on his chest deflected the bullet.
[[Image:Al aqsa moschee 2.jpg|thumb|left|The dome in 1982, covered in aluminum and visibly silver, following the 1969 fire, rather than the original grey lead]]
The site fell under Israeli control on 7 June 1967, during the [[Six Day War]].
On 21 August 1969, [[Al-Aqsa mosque fire|a fire was started by a visitor from Australia]] named [[Denis Michael Rohan]],<ref name="Times">{{cite magazine |title=The Burning of Al-Aqsa |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |page=1 |date=29 August 1969 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901289,00.html?promoid=googlep |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628234157/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901289,00.html?promoid=googlep |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2011 |access-date=1 July 2008}}</ref> an [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Christian]] who hoped that by burning down al-Aqsa Mosque he would hasten the [[Second Coming of Jesus]].<ref name='Time 2006-01-12'>{{cite magazine |title=Madman at the Mosque |date=12 January 1970 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942143,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030164859/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,942143,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 October 2010 |magazine=Time |access-date=3 July 2008}}</ref> In response to the incident, a summit of Islamic countries was held in [[Rabat]] that same year, hosted by [[Faisal of Saudi Arabia]], the then king of [[Saudi Arabia]]. The al-Aqsa fire is regarded as one of the catalysts for the formation of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC, now the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]]) in 1972.<ref>Esposito, 1998, p.&nbsp;164.</ref>

Following the fire, the dome was reconstructed in concrete and covered with [[anodized aluminium]], instead of the original ribbed lead enamel work sheeting. In 1983, the aluminium outer covering was replaced with lead to match the original design by az-Zahir.<ref name="Archnet">[http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=475 Al-Aqsa Mosque Restoration] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103003046/http://www.archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=475 |date=3 January 2009 }} Archnet Digital Library.</ref>

In the 1980s, Ben Shoshan and [[Yehuda Etzion]], both members of the [[Gush Emunim Underground]], plotted to blow up the al-Aqsa mosque and the [[Dome of the Rock]]. Etzion believed that blowing up the two mosques would cause a spiritual awakening in Israel, and would solve all the problems of the Jewish people. They also hoped the [[Third Temple|Third Temple of Jerusalem]] would be built on the location of the mosque.<ref>Dumper, 2002, p.&nbsp;44.</ref><ref>Sprinzak 2001, pp. 198–199.</ref>

On 5 November 2014, Israeli police entered Al-Aqsa for the first time since capturing Jerusalem in 1967, said Sheikh Azzam Al-Khatib, director of the Islamic Waqf. Previous media reports of 'storming Al-Aqsa' referred to the Haram al-Sharif compound rather than the Al-Aqsa mosque itself.<ref>{{cite web |title=Israeli occupation forces breach Al-Aqsa Mosque for the first time since 1967 |url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/15098-israeli-occupation-forces-breach-al-aqsa-mosque-for-the-first-time-since-1967 |website=Middle East Monitor |access-date=23 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223114210/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/15098-israeli-occupation-forces-breach-al-aqsa-mosque-for-the-first-time-since-1967 |archive-date=23 December 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>