Editing Abiotic stress (section)

=== Phosphate starvation in plants ===

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and development, but it is present only in limited quantities in most of the world's soil. Plants use P mainly in the form of soluble inorganic phosphates (PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−−</sup>) but are subject to abiotic stress when there is not enough soluble PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−−−</sup> in the soil. Phosphorus forms insoluble complexes with Ca and Mg in alkaline soils and with Al and Fe in acidic soils that make the phosphorus unavailable for plant roots. When there is limited bioavailable P in the soil, plants show extensive symptoms of abiotic stress, such as short primary roots and more lateral roots and root hairs to make more surface available for phosphate absorption, exudation of organic acids and phosphatase to release phosphates from complex P–containing molecules and make it available for growing plants' organs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Raghothama|first=K. G.|date=1999-01-01|title=Phosphate Acquisition|journal=Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology|volume=50|issue=1|pages=665–693|doi=10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.665|pmid=15012223}}</ref> It has been shown that PHR1, a [[MYB (gene)|MYB]]-related [[transcription factor]], is a master regulator of P-starvation response in plants.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rubio|first1=Vicente|last2=Linhares|first2=Francisco|last3=Solano|first3=Roberto|last4=Martín|first4=Ana C.|last5=Iglesias|first5=Joaquín|last6=Leyva|first6=Antonio|last7=Paz-Ares|first7=Javier|date=2001-08-15|title=A conserved MYB transcription factor involved in phosphate starvation signaling both in vascular plants and in unicellular algae|journal=Genes & Development|language=en|volume=15|issue=16|pages=2122–2133|doi=10.1101/gad.204401|issn=0890-9369|pmc=312755|pmid=11511543}}</ref><ref name="Pant 1907–1918">{{Cite journal|last1=Pant|first1=Bikram Datt|last2=Burgos|first2=Asdrubal|last3=Pant|first3=Pooja|last4=Cuadros-Inostroza|first4=Alvaro|last5=Willmitzer|first5=Lothar|last6=Scheible|first6=Wolf-Rüdiger|date=2015-04-01|title=The transcription factor PHR1 regulates lipid remodeling and triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during phosphorus starvation|url= |journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|language=en|volume=66|issue=7|pages=1907–1918|doi=10.1093/jxb/eru535|issn=0022-0957|pmc=4378627|pmid=25680792}}</ref> PHR1 also has been shown to regulate extensive remodeling of [[lipid]]s and [[metabolite]]s during phosphorus limitation stress<ref name="Pant 1907–1918"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Pant|first1=Bikram-Datt|last2=Pant|first2=Pooja|last3=Erban|first3=Alexander|last4=Huhman|first4=David|last5=Kopka|first5=Joachim|last6=Scheible|first6=Wolf-Rüdiger|date=2015-01-01|title=Identification of primary and secondary metabolites with phosphorus status-dependent abundance in Arabidopsis, and of the transcription factor PHR1 as a major regulator of metabolic changes during phosphorus limitation|journal=Plant, Cell & Environment|language=en|volume=38|issue=1|pages=172–187|doi=10.1111/pce.12378|pmid=24894834|issn=1365-3040|doi-access=|bibcode=2015PCEnv..38..172P }}</ref>