Editing AMD (section)

==== IBM PC and the x86 architecture ====
{{Main|Am286|Am386|Am486|Am5x86}}

In February 1982, AMD signed a contract with [[Intel]], becoming a licensed second-source manufacturer of [[Intel 8086|8086]] and [[Intel 8088|8088]] processors. [[IBM]] wanted to use the Intel 8088 in its [[IBM Personal Computer|IBM PC]], but its policy at the time was to require at least two sources for its chips. AMD later produced the [[Am286]] under the same arrangement. In 1984, Intel internally decided to no longer cooperate with AMD in supplying product information to shore up its advantage in the marketplace, and delayed and eventually refused to convey the technical details of the [[Intel 80386]].<ref>Ruiz, p. 86–87.</ref> In 1987, AMD invoked arbitration over the issue, and Intel reacted by canceling the 1982 technological-exchange agreement altogether.<ref>Rodengen, p. 102.</ref><ref>Ruiz, p. 87.</ref> After three years of testimony, AMD eventually won in arbitration in 1992, but Intel disputed this decision. Another long legal dispute followed, ending in 1994 when the [[Supreme Court of California]] sided with the arbitrator and AMD.<ref>{{cite web |last=Greg Tang |date=February 13, 2011 |title=Intel and the x86 Architecture: A Legal Perspective |url=http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/patent/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607113904/http://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/patent/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective-2 |archive-date=June 7, 2011 |publisher=[[JOLT Digest]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp. (1994) |url=http://law.justia.com/cases/california/supreme-court/4th/9/362.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |website=Justia Law}}</ref>

In 1990, Intel countersued AMD, renegotiating AMD's right to use derivatives of Intel's [[microcode]] for its cloned processors.<ref>Rodengen, p. 116.</ref> In the face of uncertainty during the legal dispute, AMD was forced to develop [[clean room design]]ed versions of Intel code for its x386 and x486 processors, the former long after Intel had released its own x386 in 1985.<ref>Rodengen, pp. 116–199.</ref> In March 1991, AMD released the [[Am386]], its clone of the Intel 386 processor.<ref name=HittC26 /> By October of the same year it had sold one million units.<ref name=HittC26 />

In 1993, AMD introduced the first of the [[Am486]] family of processors,<ref name=history /> which proved popular with a large number of [[original equipment manufacturer]]s, including [[Compaq]], which signed an exclusive agreement using the Am486.<ref name=directory /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hitt |first1=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JaQFAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT499 |title=Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases |last2=Duane Ireland |first2=R. |last3=Hoskisson |first3=Robert |date=March 2, 2006 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=9781111796372 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=cpu-collection.de >> AMD >> 486 DX |url=http://www.cpu-collection.de/?l0=co&l1=AMD&l2=486%20DX |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref> The [[Am5x86]], another Am486-based processor, was released in November 1995, and continued AMD's success as a fast, cost-effective processor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mueller |first=Scott |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eV1_LjW3pTkC&pg=PA132 |title=Upgrading and Repairing PCs |year=2003 |publisher=Que |isbn=9780789727459 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=November 6, 1995 |title=InfoWorld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA44-IA4 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>

Finally, in an agreement effective 1996, AMD received the rights to the microcode in Intel's x386 and x486 processor families, but not the rights to the microcode in the following generations of processors.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lennon |first=Michael J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i3MLYUjRWisC&pg=SA4-PA36 |title=Drafting Technology Patent License Agreements |date=January 1, 2007 |publisher=Wolters Kluwer |isbn=978-0-7355-6748-1 |pages=4-36–4-38 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 8, 1996 |title=InfoWorld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zz4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=August 6, 2015}}</ref>