Editing 9th century (section)

=== Unknown date ===

* Reign of [[Charlemagne]], and concurrent (and controversially labeled) [[Carolingian Renaissance]] in Western Europe.
* An unknown event causes the [[Maya civilization#Decline of the Maya|decline]] of the [[Maya Classical Era]].
* [[Beowulf]] might have been written down in this century; alternatively, it could also have been in the 8th century.
* Large-scale [[Viking]] attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people.
* [[Oseberg]] [[ship burial]].
* The [[Magyars]] begin their conquest of [[Pannonia]] (roughly modern-day [[Hungary]]), a process that will take several decades to be completed.
* The [[Tukolor]] settle in the [[Senegal (river)|Senegal]] river valley.
* [[Muslim]] traders settle in the northwest and southeast of [[Madagascar]].
* In [[Italy]], some cities became free republics: for instance [[Forlì]], in [[889]].
* The Christian [[Nubia]]n kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. ([[Early history of Sudan]]).
* [[Harald I of Norway|Harald Fairhair]] was victorious at the [[Battle of Hafrsfjord]], and [[Norway]] was unified into one kingdom.
* The [[Medieval Warm Period]] begins.
* The [[Coptic period]], at its most broad definition, ends.
* Page from [[Koran]] ([[Surah II]]:286 and title [[Surah III]]) in [[kufic]] script, from [[Syria]], is made. Now kept at The [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], [[New York City|New York]].