Editing 5th century BC (section)

===[[440s BC]]===
* [[449 BC]]: The [[Peace of Callias]] between the [[Delian League]] and [[Achaemenid Empire|Persia]] ends the [[Persian Wars]].
* [[449 BC]]: Construction begins on the [[Temple of Hephaestus]] in [[Athens]].
* [[449 BC]]: The [[Twelve Tables]] are promulgated to the people of [[Rome]]—the first public laws of the [[Roman Republic]].
* [[449 BC]]: [[Roman Republic|Romans]] revolt against the [[decemvirate]]. The [[decemvirs]] resign and the [[tribunate]] is re-established.
* [[449 BC]]: [[Herodotus]] completes his ''[[The Histories of Herodotus|History]]'', which records the events concerning the [[Greco-Persian Wars|Persian War]].
* [[448 BC]]: [[Phidias]] finishes a 9 meter high statue of [[Athena]] on the [[Acropolis, Athens|Acropolis]].
* [[447 BC]]: [[Athens]] begins construction of the [[Parthenon]], at the initiative of [[Pericles]].
* [[447 BC]]: [[Battle of Coronea (447 BC)|Battle of Coronea]]—The [[Athens|Athenians]] are driven out of [[Boeotia]].
* [[447 BC]]: [[Achaeus of Eretria]], a [[Greece|Greek]] [[playwright]], shows his first play.
* [[445 BC]]: [[Pericles]] declares [[Thirty Years' Peace]] between [[Athens]] and [[Sparta]].
* [[445 BC]]: [[Artaxerxes I]] gives [[Nehemiah]] permission to rebuild [[Jerusalem]].
* [[445 BC]]: The [[Lacus Curtius]] is created by a lightning strike in [[Rome]]. It is consecrated by [[Gaius]], [[Mettius]] or [[Marcus Curtius]].
* [[443 BC]]: The [[Roman Republic]] creates the office of [[Roman censor|censor]], initially exclusive to [[Patrician (ancient Rome)|patrician]]s.
* [[443 BC]]: Foundation of the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] [[colony]] of [[Thurii]] in [[Italy]]. Its [[colonist]]s include [[Herodotus]] and [[Lysias]].
* [[442 BC]]: [[Sophocles]] writes ''[[Antigone (Sophocles)|Antigone]]''.
* [[441 BC]]: [[King Ai of Zhou]] becomes King of the [[Zhou dynasty]] of [[China]] but dies before the year's end.
* [[440 BC]]: [[Famine]] in [[Rome]].
* [[440 BC]]: [[King Kao of Zhou]] becomes King of the [[Zhou dynasty]] of [[China]].
* [[440 BC]]: [[Democritus]] proposes the existence of indivisible particles, which he calls [[atom]]s.