Editing 1945 (section)

===July===
{{Main|July 1945}}
[[File:Trinity shot color.jpg|thumb|right|upright| [[July 16]] – [[Trinity (nuclear test)|Trinity test]] at night in [[New Mexico]].]]
* [[July 1]]
** WWII: Germany is [[Inner German border|divided]] between the Allied occupation forces.
** WWII: Australian and other Allied forces launch an invasion of the east coast of Japanese-occupied [[Borneo]] near [[Balikpapan]].
* [[July 2]] – The [[1945 Sheikh Bashir rebellion]] breaks out in [[Burao]] and [[Erigavo]] in [[British Somaliland]], led by [[Sheikh Bashir]], a [[Somalis|Somali]] religious leader.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mohamed|first=Jama|date=2002|title='The Evils of Locust Bait': Popular Nationalism during the 1945 Anti-Locust Control Rebellion in Colonial Somaliland|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3600720|journal=Past & Present|issue=174|pages=184–216|doi=10.1093/past/174.1.184|jstor=3600720|issn=0031-2746}}</ref> 
* [[July 4]] – [[Brazilian cruiser Bahia|Brazilian cruiser ''Bahia'']] is sunk by an accidentally induced explosion, killing more than 300 and stranding the survivors in shark-infested waters.
* [[July 5]]
** The [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]] is held, though some constituencies delay their polls for local holiday reasons. Counting of votes and declaration of results are delayed until July 26 to allow for voting by the large number of service personnel still overseas.
** [[John Curtin]], 14th [[Prime Minister of Australia]], dies in office from heart failure at the age of 60. He is briefly replaced by his deputy [[Frank Forde]], who serves as the 15th Prime Minister until a [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] [[1945 Australian Labor Party leadership election|leadership election]] is held to replace Curtin.
** WWII: The [[Philippines]] are declared liberated.
* [[July 6]]–[[July 7|7]] – [[Schio massacre]]: 54 prisoners, mostly fascist sympathisers, are killed by members of the [[Italian resistance movement]] in [[Schio]].
* [[July 8]] – WWII: [[Harry S. Truman]] is informed that Japan will talk peace if it can retain the reign of the Emperor.<ref name="nuclearfiles1945"/>
* [[July 12]] – [[Ben Chifley]] is [[1945 Australian Labor Party leadership election|elected]] leader of the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]], and consequently becomes the 16th [[Prime Minister of Australia]], defeating [[Frank Forde]] as well as [[Norman Makin]] and [[H.V. Evatt]]. As a result, Forde becomes the shortest serving Prime Minister in Australian history; nevertheless, he retains his post as Deputy Leader.
* [[July 14]] – WWII: Italy declares war on Japan.
* [[July 16]]
** The [[Trinity (nuclear test)|Trinity Test]], the first of an [[nuclear weapon|atomic bomb]], using about six kilograms of [[plutonium]], succeeds in unleashing an explosion equivalent to that of 22 kilotons of TNT.
** A train collision near [[Munich]], Germany kills 102 war prisoners.
* [[July 17]]–[[August 2]] – WWII: [[Potsdam Conference]] – At [[Potsdam]], the three main [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] leaders hold their final summit of the war. President Truman officially informs Stalin that the U.S. has a powerful new weapon.
* [[July 21]] – WWII: President [[Harry S. Truman]] approves the order for atomic bombs to be used against Japan.<ref name="nuclearfiles1945"/>
* [[July 23]] – WWII: French marshal [[Philippe Pétain]], who headed the [[Vichy France|Vichy government]] during WWII, goes on trial for treason.
* [[July 26]]
** [[Winston Churchill]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], after his [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] is soundly defeated by the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the [[1945 United Kingdom general election|1945 general election]]. [[Clement Attlee]] becomes the new Prime Minister. It is the first time that Labour has governed Britain with a majority in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/4393271.stm|work=BBC News|title=1945: Labour landslide buries Churchill|date=April 5, 2005}}</ref>
** The [[Potsdam Declaration]] demands Japan's unconditional surrender; Article 12, permitting Japan to retain the reign of the Emperor, has been deleted by President Truman.<ref name="nuclearfiles1945"/>
* [[July 27]] – WWII: [[Bombing of Aomori in World War II|Bombing of Aomori]] – Two [[USAAF]] [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]]s drop a total of 60,000 [[Airborne leaflet propaganda|leaflet]]s on the city of [[Aomori (city)|Aomori]], Japan, warning civilians of an air raid and urging them to leave immediately.
* [[July 28]]
** WWII: Japan ambiguously rejects the [[Potsdam Declaration]].<ref name="nuclearfiles1945" />
** A [[North American B-25 Mitchell]] [[1945 Empire State Building B-25 crash|crashes]] into [[Empire State Building|The Empire State Building]], killing 14 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Accident North American B-25D-20 Mitchell 41-30577, 28 Jul 1945 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/74693 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* [[July 29]]
** The [[BBC Light Programme]] radio station is launched in the United Kingdom, aimed at [[wikt:mainstream|mainstream]] light entertainment and [[music]].
** WWII: [[Bombing of Aomori in World War II|Bombing of Aomori]]: The Japanese city of [[Aomori (city)|Aomori]] is firebombed by 63 [[USAAF]] [[B-29 Superfortress|B-29]] [[heavy bomber]]s, killing 1,767 civilians and destroying 18,045 homes.
* [[July 30]] – WWII: Heavy cruiser {{USS|Indianapolis|CA-35|6}} is hit and sunk by torpedoes from the {{ship|Japanese submarine|I-58|1943|6}} in the [[Philippine Sea]]. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for up to four days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain [[Charles B. McVay III]] of the cruiser is later court-martialed and convicted; in 2000, he is posthumously exonerated.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23455951 |title=USS ''Indianapolis'' sinking: 'You could see sharks circling' |work=BBC News |access-date=2018-06-20 |archive-date=2018-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418191159/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23455951 |url-status=live }}</ref>