Editing 1942 (section)

===July===
{{Main|July 1942}}
* July &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: Inmates of [[Westerbork transit camp]] in the occupied [[Netherlands]] begin to be shipped to Nazi [[extermination camp]]s. From now until 1944 around 107,000, mostly Jewish, from here will be killed.
* [[July 1]]&ndash;[[July 27|27]] &ndash; WWII: [[First Battle of El Alamein]]: British forces prevent a second advance by Axis forces into Egypt. The 15th and 21st Panzer Divisions are halted and Erwin Rommel orders his forces to regroup. The panzer strength of the German ''[[Afrika Korps]]'' has been reduced to only 26 vehicles.<ref>Franz Kurowski (1986). ''Das Afrika Korps: Erwin Rommel and the Germans in Africa, 1941–1943'', p. 150. {{ISBN|978-0-8117-4033-3}}.</ref>
* [[July 3]] &ndash; WWII: [[Guadalcanal]], occupied only by native Solomon Islanders, falls to the Japanese Naval construction force deployed to construct an airfield on the island.
* [[July 4]] &ndash; WWII in the [[European Theater of Operations]]:
** Twenty-four ships are sunk by German bombers and submarines after [[Convoy PQ 17]] to the Soviet Union is scattered in the Arctic Ocean to evade the [[German battleship Tirpitz|German battleship ''Tirpitz'']].
** The United States [[Eighth Air Force]] inauspiciously flies its first mission in Europe, using borrowed British planes, and bombs targets in the Netherlands, such as De Kooy Airfield, attached to the [[Den Helder]] Naval Base. Three of six aircraft return;<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml |title=8th Air Force during WWII in the ETO: facts, statistics, history, and useful information |website=www.taphilo.com |access-date=July 1, 2009 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716193024/http://www.taphilo.com/history/8thaf/index.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> For this mission, Captain Charles C. Kegelman is the first member of the Force to be awarded the U.S. [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx |title=Eerste aanval VIII Bomber Command |date=August 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816165404/http://fpmedia.club.officelive.com/EersteaanvalVIIIBomberCommand.aspx |archive-date=August 16, 2011}}</ref>
* [[July 5]] &ndash; German forces of the 4th Panzer Army under General Hermann Hoth reach the [[Don (river)|Don River]] near Voronezh and become embroiled in the [[Battle of Voronezh (1942)|battle to capture the city]].
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Anne Frank]]'s family goes into hiding in an attic above her father's office in an [[Amsterdam]] warehouse.
* [[July 7]] &ndash; German forces of the 4th Panzer Army reach the outskirts of Voronezh, but the Soviet army mounts a successful counterattack that ties up Hoth's forces for days.
* [[July 8]] &ndash; Turkish prime minister [[Refik Saydam]] dies while working in the office. For one day he is succeeded by [[Ahmet Fikri Tüzer]].
*[[July 9]] &ndash; [[Şükrü Saracoğlu]] forms the new (13th) government in [[Turkey]].
* [[July 13]] &ndash; WWII: [[U-boat]]s sink three merchant ships in the [[Gulf of St. Lawrence]].
* [[July 14]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Bastille Day]] [[Gaullist]] demonstrations in [[Vichy France]]; 2 women are shot dead by members of the fascist [[French Popular Party]] (PPF) in [[Marseille]].
** Germany introduces the [[Ostvolk Medal]] for Soviet personnel in the [[Wehrmacht]].
* [[July 16]]
** [[The Holocaust]]: By order of the [[Vichy France]] government headed by [[Pierre Laval]], French police officers round-up 13,000–20,000 Jews and imprison them in the [[Winter Velodrome]].
** [[Georges Bégué]] and others escape from the [[Mauzac, Haute-Garonne|Mauzac]] prison camp.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; WWII: The Germans test fly the [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] (using only its [[jet engine]]s) for the first time.
* [[July 19]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of the Atlantic]]: German Grand Admiral [[Karl Dönitz]] orders the last [[U-boat]]s to withdraw from there the United States Atlantic coast positions, in response to an effective American convoy system.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; WWII: The Japanese establish a beachhead on the north coast of [[New Guinea]] in the Buna-Gona area; a small Australian force begins a rearguard action on the [[Kokoda Track campaign]].
* [[July 22]] &ndash; WWII: [[The Holocaust]]: The systematic deportation of Jews from the [[Warsaw Ghetto]] begins.<ref>{{cite book |title=Days of Remembrance, April 26-May 3, 1992: Fifty Years Ago : in the Depths of Darkness : Commemoration Planning Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5 |year=1992 |publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Council |pages=5 |access-date=April 6, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207100449/https://books.google.com/books?id=fzWBAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR5 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[July 23]] &ndash; WWII:
** Adolf Hitler issues [[List of Adolf Hitler's directives|Directive 45]], ordering the seizure of the [[Black Sea]] coast down to [[Batumi|Batum]], and taking the oilfields of [[Maykop|Maikop]], [[Grozny]] and [[Baku]].
** The Holocaust: The [[gas chamber]]s at [[Treblinka extermination camp]] begin operation, killing 6,500 Jews newly arrived from the Warsaw Ghetto.
* [[July 25]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Kalach]]: German forces of the [[6th Army (Wehrmacht)|6th Army]] under General [[Friedrich Paulus]] attack the [[Stalingrad Front]] and manages to surround part of the Soviet [[62nd Army (Soviet Union)|62nd]] and [[64th Army (Soviet Union)|64th armies]] in the [[Kalach-na-Donu|Kalach]] Pocket.
* [[July 29]] &ndash; The [[Presidium of the Supreme Soviet]] of the [[Soviet Union]] institutes the [[Order of Suvorov]] and [[Order of Kutuzov]] and reinstates the [[Order of Alexander Nevsky]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[WAVES]] (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service), the United States Naval Reserve (Women's Reserve), is signed into law.
** The [[SS Robert E. Lee (1924)|SS ''Robert E. Lee'']] is sunk in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] by {{GS|U-166|1941|2}}, which is itself sunk by the escorting patrol craft.
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The [[Oxford Committee for Famine Relief]] (Oxfam) is founded in England.