Editing 1863 (section)

===July===
* [[July]] &ndash; First successful test of the [[Confederate States of America]] hand-propelled [[submarine]] ''[[H. L. Hunley (submarine)|H. L. Hunley]]''.<ref name=Hunley>{{cite book|title=The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy|first=Tom|last=Chaffin|location=New York|publisher=Hill and Wang|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8090-9512-4|url=https://archive.org/details/hlhunleysecretho00chaf}}</ref>
* [[July 1]]
** Slavery is abolished in the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch colonies]] of [[Suriname]] (independent from [[1975]]) and [[Curaçao and Dependencies]].
** The [[Kingston loop line]] of the [[London and South Western Railway]] opens.
[[File:Battle of Gettysburg.jpg|thumb|190px|July: [[Battle of Gettysburg]].]]

*[[American Civil War]]: 
**[[July 1]]&ndash;[[July 3|3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gettysburg]] &ndash; Union forces under [[George G. Meade]] turn back a Confederate invasion by [[Robert E. Lee]] in the largest battle of the war (28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union).
**[[July 4]] &ndash; [[Siege of Vicksburg]] &ndash; [[Ulysses S. Grant]] and the Union army capture the Confederate city [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]], after the town surrenders following a 47-day siege.
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Queen Victoria]] issues [[Letters Patent]], annexing to [[South Australia]] the part of the colony of [[New South Wales]] that will later become the [[Northern Territory]].<ref>[http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item.asp?dID=49 Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601183454/http://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item.asp?dID=49 |date=June 1, 2011 }}. [[National Archives of Australia]].</ref>
* [[July 9]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Siege of Port Hudson]] ends, and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[New York City draft riots]]: In New York City, opponents of [[conscription]] to the American Civil War begin 3 days of violent rioting, which will be regarded as the worst in the history of the United States with around 120 killed.

* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Battle of Shimonoseki Straits]]: The [[screw sloop]] {{USS|Wyoming|1859|6}} engages with the [[Chōshū Domain]] fleet before withdrawing, in Japan's first naval engagement between elements of modern navies.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The [[New Zealand Wars]] against the [[Māori people]] resume, as British forces in New Zealand led by [[Duncan Cameron (British Army officer)|Duncan Cameron]] begin their [[Invasion of the Waikato]].
[[American Civil War]]: 
** [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Battle of Honey Springs]] &ndash; Union troops win a strategic victory over the Confederates for control of [[Indian Territory]] north of the [[Arkansas River]]. 
** [[July 18]] &ndash; The first formal African American military unit, the [[54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry]], unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held [[Fort Wagner]] but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war. Their commander, Colonel [[Robert Gould Shaw|Robert Shaw]], is shot leading the attack, and is buried with his men (450 Union, along with 175 Confederate).
* [[July 26]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Morgan's Raid]] &ndash; At [[Salineville, Ohio]], Confederate cavalry leader [[John Hunt Morgan]] and 375 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[American Indian Wars]]: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including [[Chief Pocatello]] (of the [[Shoshone]]) sign the [[Box Elder Treaty]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Valuev Circular]] bans the publication of religious, educational and training books in [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] in the [[Russian Empire]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Remy |first1=Johannes |title=The Valuev Circular and Censorship of Ukrainian Publications in the Russian Empire (1863-1876): Intention and Practice. |url=https://www.academia.edu/10023082 |journal=Canadian Slavonic Papers |date=2007 |volume=49 |issue=1–2 |pages=87–110 |doi=10.1080/00085006.2007.11092432 |access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref>