Editing 1861 (section)

=== July ===
* [[July 1]] 
** The first issue of the [[Vatican City|Vatican]]'s newspaper ''[[L'Osservatore Romano]]'' is published.
** [[Taiping Rebellion]]: [[Battle of Shanghai (1861)|Battle of Shanghai]] &ndash; French and [[Qing dynasty|Imperial Chinese]] troops defeat Taiping forces.
** In [[Cologne]], the [[Wallraf–Richartz Museum]] of art opens.
* [[July 2]] &ndash; [[Nicholas of Japan|Ivan Kasatkin]] lands on [[Hakodate]], and introduces the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] into Japan.
*[[American Civil War]]: 
** [[July 12]] &ndash;  The Confederate States sign a [[Treaty with Choctaws and Chickasaws]] in [[Indian Territory in the American Civil War|Indian Territory]]. 
** [[July 13]] &ndash;  The [[Battle of Corrick's Ford]] takes place in western Virginia.
** [[July 21]] &ndash;  [[First Battle of Bull Run]] &ndash; At [[Manassas Junction, Virginia]], the first major battle of the war ends in a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] victory.
** [[July 25]] &ndash;  The [[Crittenden–Johnson Resolution]] is passed by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]], stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union, and not to end [[slavery in the United States|slavery]].
** [[July 26]] &ndash;  [[George B. McClellan]] assumes command of the [[Army of the Potomac]], following the disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.