Editing 1840 (section)

== Births ==

=== January–June ===
[[File:Ernst Abbe.jpg|thumb|110px|[[Ernst Abbe]]]]
[[File:John Boyd Dunlop 418px.jpg|thumb|110px|[[John Boyd Dunlop]]]]
[[File:Emile Zola 1902.jpg|thumb|right|110px|[[Émile Zola]]]]
[[File:Porträt des Komponisten Pjotr I. Tschaikowski (1840-1893).jpg|thumb|110px|[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]]]]
[[File:Princess Charlotte of Belgium, Empress of Mexico.jpg|thumb|110px|Empress [[Carlota of Mexico]]]]
* [[January 1]] – [[Dugald Drummond]], Scottish-born railway locomotive designer (d. [[1912]])
* [[January 3]] – [[Father Damien]], Belgian missionary priest (d. [[1889]])
* [[January 9]] – [[Samuel Baldwin Marks Young]], American general, first Chief of Staff of the United States Army (d. [[1924]])
* [[January 18]] – [[Alfred Percy Sinnett]], [[English people|English]] writer and theosophist (d. [[1921]])
* [[January 19]] – [[Dethloff Willrodt]], American Civil War veteran and politician (d. [[1932]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lrl.texas.gov/legeleaders/members/memberdisplay.cfm?memberID=3472 |title=Dethloff Willrodt |work=Texas Legislators: Past & Present |publisher=Legislative Reference Library of Texas}}</ref>
* [[January 21]] – [[Sophia Jex-Blake]], English physician (d. 1912)
* [[January 22]] – [[Ernest Wilberforce]], English bishop (d. [[1907]])
* [[January 23]] – [[Ernst Abbe]], German physicist (d. [[1905]])
* [[February 5]]
** [[John Boyd Dunlop]], Scottish-born inventor (d. [[1921]])
** [[Hiram Maxim]], American-born British firearms inventor (d. [[1916]])
* [[February 9]] – [[William T. Sampson]], American admiral (d. [[1902]])
* [[February 15]] – [[Titu Maiorescu]], 23rd Prime Minister of Romania (d. [[1917]])
* [[February 21]] – [[Murad V]], 33rd Ottoman Sultan (d. [[1904]])
* [[February 22]] – [[August Bebel]], German politician (d. [[1913]])
* [[February 23]] – [[Carl Menger]], Austrian economist (d. [[1921]])
* [[February 29]] – [[John Philip Holland]], Irish inventor of the submarine (d. [[1914]])
* [[March 8]] – [[Eduard von Knorr]], German admiral (d. [[1920]])
* [[March 28]] – [[Emin Pasha]], German doctor, African administrator (d. [[1892]])
* [[March 31]] – [[Benjamin Baker (engineer)|Sir Benjamin Baker]], English civil engineer (d. [[1907]])
* [[April 2]] – [[Émile Zola]], French writer (d. [[1902]])
* [[April 11]] – [[Robert Wentworth Little]], British occultist (d. [[1878]])
* [[April 22]] – [[Odilon Redon]], French painter (d. [[1916]])
* [[April 27]] – [[Edward Whymper]], English mountaineer (d. [[1911]])
* [[May 7]] – [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], Russian composer (d. [[1893]])
* [[May 10]] – [[Eliza Trask Hill]], American activist, journalist, philanthropist (d. [[1908]])
* [[May 13]] – [[Alphonse Daudet]], French writer (d. [[1897]])
* [[June 2]]
** [[Thomas Hardy]], English writer (d. [[1928]])
** [[Émile Munier]], French artist (d. [[1895]])
* [[June 7]] – [[Carlota of Mexico]], Empress of Mexico (d. [[1927]])
* [[June 9]] – [[Jennie Casseday]], American philanthropist (d. [[1893]])
* [[June 10]] – [[Theodor Philipsen]], Danish painter (d. [[1920]])
* [[June 13]] – [[Augusta Lundin]], Swedish fashion designer (d. [[1919]])
* [[June 21]] – [[Edward Stanley Gibbons]], English philatelist, founder of Stanley Gibbons Ltd. (d. [[1913]])

=== July–December ===
[[File:10MaryPatterson1862.jpeg|thumb|110px|right|[[Mary Jane Patterson]]]]
[[File:Rodin-cropped.png|thumb|110px|right|[[Auguste Rodin]]]]
[[File:Claude Monet 1899 Nadar crop.jpg|thumb|110px|right|[[Claude Monet]]]]
* [[July 1]] – [[Edward Clodd]], English banker, writer and anthropologist (d. [[1930]])
* [[July 6]] – [[Peter Conover Hains]], major general in the United States Army and veteran of three wars (d. [[1921]])
* [[August 1]] – [[Franz Simandl]], Double bassist and pedagogue (d. [[1912]])
* [[August 4]] – [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]], German sexologist (d. [[1902]])
* [[September 12]] – [[Mary Jane Patterson]], the first African-American woman to receive a B.A. degree in 1862. (d. [[1894]])
* [[September 22]] – [[D. M. Canright]], American Seventh-day Adventist minister and author, later one of the church's severest critics (d. [[1919]])
* [[September 25]] – [[William N. Roach]], American politician and member of the [[United States Senate]] from 1893 to 1899 (d. [[1902]])
* [[September 27]]
** [[Alfred Thayer Mahan]], United States Navy admiral, American geostrategist and historian (d. [[1914]])
** [[Thomas Nast]], American caricaturist, cartoonist (d. [[1902]])
* [[October 9]] – [[Simeon Solomon]], British artist (d. [[1905]])
* [[October 12]] – [[Helena Modjeska]], Polish stage actress (d. [[1909]])
* [[October 16]] – [[Kuroda Kiyotaka]], 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (d. [[1900]])
* [[November 7]] – [[H. G. Haugan]], Norwegian-born American railroad and banking executive (d. [[1921]])
* [[November 12]] – [[Auguste Rodin]], French sculptor (d. [[1917]])
* [[November 14]] – [[Claude Monet]], French painter (d. [[1926]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Claude Monet {{!}} Biography, Art, Water Lilies, Haystacks, Impression: Sunrise, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Claude-Monet |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=7 June 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 21]] – [[Victoria, Princess Royal]] (d. [[1901]])
* [[November 29]] – [[Rhoda Broughton]], Welsh writer (d. [[1920]])
* [[December 17]] – [[Nozu Michitsura]], Japanese general (d. [[1908]])

=== date unknown ===
* earliest probable date – [[Crazy Horse]] (Tȟašúŋke Witkó), Chief of the [[Oglala Lakota]] (k. [[1877]])