Editing 1257 (section)

=== By topic ===

==== City and Towns ====
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The city of [[Kraków]] is granted [[Magdeburg rights]] by High Duke [[Bolesław V the Chaste]], having been rebuilt after being nearly destroyed during the [[First Mongol invasion of Poland]].

==== Education ====
* Louis IX of France ("the Saint") confirms the foundation by his chaplain [[Robert de Sorbon]] of the [[College of Sorbonne]] in [[Paris]], giving a formal college (and still-common name) to the already existing [[University of Paris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sorbonne.fr/la-sorbonne/histoire-de-la-sorbonne/la-fondation-de-la-sorbonne-au-moyen-age-par-le-theologien-robert-de-sorbon/|title=La fondation de la Sorbonne au Moyen Âge par le théologien Robert de Sorbon|publisher=La Chancellerie des Universités de Paris|accessdate=2021-03-04}}</ref>

==== Literature ====
* [[Matthew Paris]], English monk and chronicler, personally interviews Henry III for an entire week while compiling his major work of English history, ''[[Chronica Majora]]''.

==== Natural Disaster ====
* [[1257 Samalas eruption|Samalas eruption]]: Mount Samalas volcano erupts on [[Lombok Island]], [[Indonesia]]. One of the [[List of volcanic eruptions by death toll|largest volcanic eruptions]] in the past 10,000 years, it creates severe climatic changes across the globe, leading to severe [[famine]] and death, and to one of the biggest geopolitical changes across the globe over the next few centuries.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-24332239|title=Mystery 13th Century eruption traced to Lombok, Indonesia|first=Jonathan|last=Amos|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|date=2013-09-30|access-date=2013-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/aug/05/medieval-volcano-disaster-london-graves|title=Mass grave in London reveals how volcano caused global catastrophe|first=Dalya|last=Alberge|date=2012-08-04|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London}}</ref></onlyinclude>