Editing Cimmerians (section)

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Kim |editor-first1=Hyun Jin |editor-link1=Hyun Jin Kim |editor-last2=Vervaet |editor-first2=Frederik Juliaan |editor-last3=Adalı |editor-first3=Selim Ferruh |last=Adalı |first=Selim Ferruh |author-link= |date=2017 |chapter=Cimmerians and the Scythians: the Impact of Nomadic Powers on the Assyrian Empire and the Ancient Near East |title=Eurasian Empires in Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages Contact and Exchange between the Graeco- Roman World, Inner Asia and China |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=60–82 |isbn=978-1-107-19041-2}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Draycott |editor-first1=Catherine M. |editor-last2=Branting |editor-first2=Scott |editor-last3=Lehner |editor-first3=Joseph W. |editor-last4=Özarslan |editor-first4=Yasemin |last=Adalı |first=Selim Ferruh |author-link= |date=2023 |chapter=The Phantom Menace? The Chronology of Cimmerian Expeditions, Territories and Zones of Influence in Anatolia |title=From Midas to Cyrus and Other Stories: Papers on Iron Age Anatolia in Honour of Geoffrey and Françoise Summers |series=BIAA Monograph Series |url= |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[British Institute at Ankara]] |pages=209–228 |isbn=978-1-912-09011-2 }}
* {{cite magazine |last=Altuntaş |first=Leman |date=2022 |title=The first settlement of the Cimmerians in Anatolia may be Büklükale |url=https://arkeonews.net/the-first-settlement-of-the-cimmerians-in-anatolia-may-be-buklukale/ |magazine=Arkeonews |location= |publisher= |access-date=15 August 2024}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Altuntaş |first=Leman |date=2023 |title=Archaeologists Reveal First Settlement of Cimmerians in Anatolia |url=https://arkeonews.net/archaeologists-reveal-first-settlement-of-cimmerians-in-anatolia/ |magazine=Arkeonews |location= |publisher= |access-date=15 August 2024}} 
* {{cite book |last=Asimov |first=Isaac |author-link=Isaac Asimov |title=Asimov's Chronology of the World |year=1991 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |page=50 |isbn=978-0-062-70036-0 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Edwards |editor-first1=I. E. S. |editor-link1=I. E. S. Edwards |editor-last2=Gadd |editor-first2=C. J. |editor-link2=C. J. Gadd |editor-last3=Hammond |editor-first3=N. G. L. |editor-link3=N. G. L. Hammond |editor-last4=Sollberger |editor-first4=E. |editor-link4=Edmond Sollberger |last=Barnett |first=R. D. |author-link=Richard David Barnett |date=1975 |title=History of the Middle East and the Aegean Region c. 1380-1000 B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |chapter=Phrygia and the Peoples of Anatolia in the Iron Age |volume=2 |issue=2 |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=417–442 |isbn=978-0-521-08691-2 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |last=Barnett |first=R. D. |author-link=Richard David Barnett |date=1982 |title=The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |chapter=Urartu |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=314–371 |isbn=978-1-139-05428-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Batty |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Batty |date=2007 |title=Rome and the Nomads: The Pontic-Danubian Realm in Antiquity |location=[[Oxford]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-198-14936-1 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Tsetskhladze |editor-first=G.R. |editor-link=Gocha R. Tsetskhladze |last=Bouzek |first=Jan |author-link=:hu:Jan Bouzek |date=2001 |title=North Pontic Archaeology: Recent Discoveries and Studies |chapter=Cimmerians and Early Scythians: the Transition from Geometric to Orientalising Style in the Pontic Area |url= |location=[[Leiden]], [[Netherlands]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |pages=33–44 |isbn=978-9-004-12041-9}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Hammond |editor2-first=N. G. L. |editor2-link=N. G. L. Hammond |last=Braun |first=T. F. R. G. |date=1982 |title=The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |chapter=The Greeks in Egypt |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=32–56 |isbn=978-0-521-23447-4}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last=Brinkman |first=J. A. |date=1991 |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=Babylonia in the Shadow of Assyria |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=1–70 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite magazine |last=Carola |first=Emma |date=2023 |title=Japanese archaeologists have revealed that Büklükale was the first settlement of the ancient nomadic people, the Cimmerians, in Anatolia |url=https://anatolianarchaeology.net/japanese-archaeologists-have-revealed-that-buklukale-was-the-first-settlement-of-the-ancient-nomadic-people-the-cimmerians-in-anatolia/ |magazine=Anatolian Archaeology |location= |publisher= |access-date=15 August 2024}} 
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Hammond |editor2-first=N. G. L. |editor2-link=N. G. L. Hammond |last=Cook |first=J. M. |author-link=John Manuel Cook |date=1982 |title=The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |chapter=The Eastern Greeks |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=196–221 |isbn=978-0-521-23447-4}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=British Israelism |encyclopedia=Critical Dictionary of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements |date=2021 |last=Cottrell-Boyce |first=Aidan |editor-last1=Crossley |editor-first1=James |editor-last2=Lockhart |editor-first2=Alastair |publisher=Centre for the Critical Study of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements; Panacea Charitable Trust |location= |id= |url=https://www.cdamm.org/articles/british-israelism |access-date=8 June 2023 }}
* {{cite book |last=Cunliffe |first=Barry |author-link=Barry Cunliffe |date=2019 |title=The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe |url= |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-198-82012-3 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Dale |first=Alexander |date=2015 |title=WALWET and KUKALIM: Lydian coin legends, dynastic succession, and the chronology of Mermnad kings |url=https://www.academia.edu/29719834 |journal=Kadmos |volume=54 |issue= |pages=151–166 |doi=10.1515/kadmos-2015-0008 |s2cid=165043567 |access-date=10 November 2021 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |title=Media |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=2006 |last1=Dandamayev |first1=M. |author-link1=Muhammad Dandamayev |last2=Medvedskaya |first2=Inna |author-link2=:ru:Медведская, Инна Николаевна |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation]]; [[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/media |access-date=14 October 2023 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Dandamayev |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Dandamayev |title=MESOPOTAMIA i. Iranians in Ancient Mesopotamia |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/mesopotamia-01-iranians |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=2015 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation]]; [[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |access-date=8 August 2022 }}
* {{cite journal |last=de Boer |first=Jan |date=2006 |title=The Cimmerian invasions in Anatolia and the earliest Greek colonies in the Black Sea area |url=https://www.academia.edu/1175039 |journal=Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina |volume=42 |pages=43–55 |access-date=29 July 2024}}
* {{cite book |last=de Boer |first=Jan |editor-last1=Tsetskhladze |editor-first1=Gocha R. |editor-link1=Gocha R. Tsetskhladze |editor-last2=Avram |editor-first2=Alexandru |editor-last3=Hargrave |editor-first3=James |date=2021 |chapter=The ‘Western Cimmerians’ and the first Greek settlers in the Troad |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/94620197 |title=The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th century BC - 5th century AD): 20 Years On (1997-2017): Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Constanța - 18-22 September 2017) |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Archaeopress|Archaeopress Publishing Limited]] |pages=20–26 |isbn=978-1-789-69759-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Diakonoff |first=I. M. |author-link=Igor M. Diakonoff |editor-last=Gershevitch |editor-first=Ilya |editor-link=Ilya Gershevitch |date=1985 |title=[[The Cambridge History of Iran]] |volume=2 |chapter=Media |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=36–148 |isbn=978-0-521-20091-2 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Dugaw |first1=Sean |last2=Lipschits |first2=Oded |author-link2=Oded Lipschits |last3=Stiebel |first3=Guy D. |date=2020 |title=A New Typology of Arrowheads from the Late Iron Age and Persian Period and Its Historical Implications |url=https://www.academia.edu/43127583 |journal=[[Israel Exploration Journal]] |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=64–89 |doi= |jstor=27100276 |access-date=6 June 2023 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Radner |editor-first1=Karen |editor-link1=Karen Radner |editor-last2=Moeller |editor-first2=Nadine |editor-last3=Potts |editor-first3=Daniel T. |last=Fuchs |first=Andreas |date=2023 |chapter=The Medes and the Kingdom of Mannea |title=The Age of Assyria |series=The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East |volume=4 |url= |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=674–768 |isbn=978-0-190-68763-2}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Hammond |editor2-first=N. G. L. |editor2-link=N. G. L. Hammond |last=Graham |first=A. J. |date=1982 |title=The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |chapter=The colonial expansion of Greece |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=83–162 |isbn=978-0-521-23447-4}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last=Grayson |first=A. K. |date=1991a |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=Assyria: Tiglath-pileser III to Sargon II (744-705 B.C.) |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=71–102 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last=Grayson |first=A. K. |date=1991b |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=Assyria: Sennacherib to Esarhaddon (704-669 B.C.) |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=103–141 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last=Grayson |first=A. K. |date=1991c |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=Assyria 668-635 B.C.: the reign of Ashurbanipal |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=142–161 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{Cite book |last=Grousset |first=René |author-link=René Grousset |translator-last=Walford |translator-first=Naomi |translator-link= |title=The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia |publisher=[[Rutgers University Press]] |location=[[New Brunswick, New Jersey|New Brunswick]], [[United States]] |year=1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/empireofsteppesh00prof |isbn=978-0-813-51304-1 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Hammond |editor2-first=N. G. L. |editor2-link=N. G. L. Hammond |last=Hammond |first=N. G. L. |author-link=N. G. L. Hammond |date=1982 |title=The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |chapter=Illyria, Epirus and Macedonia |issue=3 |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=261–285 |isbn=978-0-521-23447-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Hermann |editor-first1=Joachim |editor-link1=Joachim Herrmann (archaeologist) |editor-last2=Zürcher |editor-first2=Erik |editor-link2=Erik Zürcher |editor-last3=Harmatta |editor-first3=János |editor-link3=János Harmatta |editor-last4=Litvak |editor-first4=J. K. |editor-last5=Lonis |editor-first5=R. |editor-link5=:fr:Raoul Lonis |editor-last6=Obenga |editor-first6=T. |editor-link6=Théophile Obenga |editor-last7=Thapar |editor-first7=R. |editor-link7=Romila Thapar |editor-last8=Zhou |editor-first8=Yiliang |last=Harmatta |first=János |author-link=János Harmatta |title=From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. |chapter=10.4.1. The Scythians |series=History of Humanity |date=1996 |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]]; [[New York City]], [[United States]]; [[Paris]], [[France]] |publisher=[[Routledge]]; [[UNESCO]] |pages=181–182 |isbn=978-9-231-02812-0 |volume=3 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |last=Hawkins |first=J. D. |author-link= |date=1982 |title=The Prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |chapter=The Neo-Hittite States in Syria and Anatolia |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=372–441 |isbn=978-1-139-05428-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=1993a |title=Les Cimmériens au Proche-Orient |trans-title=The Cimmerians in the Near East |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/151019/1/Ivantchik_1993_Les_Cimmerians_au_Proche-Orient.pdf |language=fr |location=[[Fribourg]], Switzerland; [[Göttingen]], Germany |publisher=Editions Universitaires (Switzerland); [[Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht]] (Germany) |isbn=978-3-727-80876-0 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=1993b |title=LES GUERRIERS-CHIENS: Loups-garous et invasions scythes en Asie Mineure |trans-title=The Dog Warriors: Werewolves and Scythian invasions in Asia Minor |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23671794 |journal=Revue de l'histoire des religions |trans-journal=Review of the History of Religions |volume=210 |issue=3 |pages=305–330 |doi=10.3406/rhr.1993.1478 |jstor=23671794 |access-date=26 April 2023 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Tsetskhladze |editor-first=G.R. |editor-link=Gocha R. Tsetskhladze |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=1999 |title=Ancient Greeks West and East |chapter=The Scythian 'Rule Over Asia': the Classical Tradition and the Historical Reality |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/914991 |location=[[Leiden]], [[Netherlands]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill]] |pages=497–520 |isbn=978-9-004-11190-5 }}
* {{cite book |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=2000 |title=Киммерийцы и скифы: Культурно-исторические и хронологические проблемы археологии восточноевропейских степей и Кавказа пред- и раннескифского времени |trans-title=Cimmerians and Scythians: Cultural, Historical and Chronological Problems of the Archeology of the Eastern European Steppes and the Caucasus in the Pre- and Early Scythian Periods |url=https://www.academia.edu/11316735 |language=ru |location=[[Moscow]], [[Russia]] |publisher=Paleograph Press |page= |isbn=978-5-895-26009-8 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=2001 |title=The Current State of the Cimmerian Problem |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249601848 |journal=[[Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia]] |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=307–339 |doi=10.1163/15700570152758043 |access-date=17 August 2022 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Aruz |editor-first1=Joan |editor-last2=Farkas |editor-first2=Ann |editor-last3=Fino |editor-first3=Elisabetta Valtz |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |date=2006 |title=The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World |url= |location=[[New Haven, Connecticut]], [[United States]]; [[New York City]], [[United States]]; [[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[The Metropolitan Museum of Art]]; [[Yale University Press]] |pages=146–153 |isbn=978-1-588-39205-3 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |date=2010 |title=Sinope et les Cimmériens |trans-title=Sinope and the Cimmerians |language=fr |url=https://www.academia.edu/915035 |journal=[[Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia]] |volume=16 |issue=1–2 |pages=65–72 |doi=10.1163/157005711X560318 |access-date=24 August 2022 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Ivantchik |first=Askold |author-link=Askold Ivantchik |title=Scythians |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/scythians |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=2018 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation]]; [[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |access-date=8 August 2022 }}
* {{cite book |last=Jacobson |first=Esther |date=1995 |title=The Art of the Scythians: The Interpenetration of Cultures at the Edge of the Hellenic World |url= |location=[[Leiden]], [[Netherlands]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-9-004-09856-5 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Järve |first1=Mari |last2=Saag |first2=Lehti |display-authors=1 |date=11 July 2019 |title=Shifts in the Genetic Landscape of the Western Eurasian Steppe Associated with the Beginning and End of the Scythian Dominance |journal=[[Current Biology]] |publisher=[[Cell Press]] |volume=29 |issue=14 |pages=2430–2441 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.019 |doi-access=free |pmid=31303491 |bibcode=2019CBio...29E2430J |ref={{harvid|Järve et al.|2019}} }}
* {{cite news |last=Keskin |first=Buse |date=2023 |title=Japanese archaeologist reveal 1st settlement of Cimmerians in Anatolia |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/japanese-archaeologist-reveal-1st-settlement-of-cimmerians-in-anatolia/news |work=[[Daily Sabah]] |location=[[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] |access-date=15 August 2024}}
* {{cite book |last=Kõiv |first=Mait |author-link=:et:Mait Kõiv |editor-last1=Mattila |editor-first1=Raija |editor-link1=:fi:Raija Mattila |editor-last2=Fink |editor-first2=Sebastian |editor-last3=Ito |editor-first3=Sanae |date=2022 |chapter=Lydia, Phrygia and the Cimmerians: Mesopotamian and Greek evidence combined |title=Evidence Combined: Western and Eastern Sources in Dialogue |series=Melammu Symposia |volume=11 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/112791274 |location=[[Vienna]], [[Austria]] |publisher=[[Austrian Academy of Sciences#Publications|Austrian Academy of Sciences Press]] |pages=261–294 |isbn=978-3-700-18573-4 }}
* {{cite journal |last1=Krzewińska |first1=Maja |last2=Kılınç |first2=Gülşah Merve |display-authors=1 |date=3 October 2018 |title=Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads |journal=[[Science Advances]] |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |volume=4 |issue=10 |pages= eaat4457|bibcode= 2018SciA....4.4457K|doi=10.1126/sciadv.aat4457 |pmc=6223350 |pmid=30417088 |ref={{harvid|Krzewińska et al.|2018}} }}
* {{cite thesis |last=Leloux |first=Kevin |date=2018 |title=La Lydie d'Alyatte et Crésus: Un royaume à la croisée des cités grecques et des monarchies orientales. Recherches sur son organisation interne et sa politique extérieure |type=PhD |volume=1 |publisher=[[University of Liège]] |docket= |oclc= |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/220928/1/The%CC%80se%20entie%CC%80re%20vol%20I.pdf |access-date=5 December 2021 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/220928/1/The%CC%80se%20entie%CC%80re%20vol%20I.pdf |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last=Liverani |first=Mario |author-link=Mario Liverani |translator-last1=Tabatabai |translator-first1=Soraia |title=The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy |year=2014 |location=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]]; [[New York City]], [[United States]] |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-67906-0 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last=Mellink |first=M. |author-link=Machteld Mellink |date=1991 |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=The Native Kingdoms of Anatolia |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=619–665 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Sinor |editor-first=Denis |editor-link=Denis Sinor |last=Melyukova |first=A. I. |author-link=Anna Melyukova |date=1990 |title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia |chapter=The Scythians and Sarmatians |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory0000unse_w0y6 |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=97–117 |isbn=978-0-521-24304-9 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Davis-Kimball |editor-first1=Jeannine |editor-link1=Jeannine Davis-Kimball |editor-last2=Bashilov |editor-first2=Vladimir A. |editor-last3=Yablonsky |editor-first3=Leonid T. |editor-link3=:ru:Яблонский, Леонид Теодорович |last=Melyukova |first=Anna I. |author-link=Anna Melyukova |date=1995 |chapter=2. Scythians of Southeastern Europe |title=Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age |location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[United States]] |publisher=Zinat Press |pages=27–61 |isbn=978-1-885979-00-1 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last1=Mihailov |first1=G. |date=1991 |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=The Cambridge Ancient History |volume=3 |chapter=Thrace Before the Persian Entry into Europe |issue=2 |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=591–618 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Novák |first=Ľubomír |date=2013 |title=Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages |type=none |chapter= |publisher=[[Charles University]] |docket= |oclc= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305390577 |access-date=28 August 2024 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Novotny |first1=Jamie |last2=Jeffers |first2=Joshua |date=2018 |title=The Royal Inscriptions of Ashurbanipal (668–631 BC), Aššur-etel-ilāni (630–627 BC), and Sînšarraiškun (626–612 BC), Kings of Assyria |volume=1 |url=https://www.academia.edu/46448438 |location=[[University Park, Pennsylvania|University Park]], [[United States]] |publisher=[[Eisenbrauns]] |page=309 |isbn=978-1-575-06997-5 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Pstrusińska |editor-first1=Jadwiga |editor-link1=:pl:Jadwiga Pstrusińska |editor-last2=Fear |editor-first2=Andrew |last=Olbrycht |first=Marek Jan |date=2000a |title=Collectanea Celto-Asiatica Cracoviensia |chapter=The Cimmerian Problem Re-Examined: the Evidence of the Classical Sources |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/1509846 |pages=71–100 |location=[[Kraków]] |publisher=[[:pl:Księgarnia Akademicka|Księgarnia Akademicka]] |isbn=978-8-371-88337-8 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Pstrusińska |editor-first1=Jadwiga |editor-link1=:pl:Jadwiga Pstrusińska |editor-last2=Fear |editor-first2=Andrew |last=Olbrycht |first=Marek Jan |date=2000b |title=Collectanea Celto-Asiatica Cracoviensia |chapter=Remarks on the Presence of Iranian Peoples in Europe and Their Asiatic Relations |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11934986 |pages=101–140 |location=[[Kraków]] |publisher=[[:pl:Księgarnia Akademicka|Księgarnia Akademicka]] |isbn=978-8-371-88337-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Parfitt |first=Tudor |author-link=Tudor Parfitt |year=2003 |title=The Lost Tribes of Israel: The History of a Myth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8YgFHQAACAAJ |publisher=[[Phoenix Books|Phoenix]] |isbn=1-84212-665-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Parpola |first=Simo |author-link=Simo Parpola |date=1970 |title=Neo-Assyrian Toponyms |url=https://archive.org/details/neoassyriantopon0000parp |location=[[Kevelaer]], [[Germany]] |publisher=Butzon & Bercker }}
* {{cite book |last=Parzinger |first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann Parzinger |date=2004 |title=Die Skythen |trans-title=The Scythians |language=de |location=[[Munich]], [[Germany]] |publisher=[[C. H. Beck|Verlag C.H.Beck]] |isbn=978-3-406-50842-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Davis-Kimball |editor-first1=Jeannine |editor-link1=Jeannine Davis-Kimball |editor-last2=Bashilov |editor-first2=Vladimir A. |editor-last3=Yablonsky |editor-first3=Leonid T. |editor-link3=:ru:Яблонский, Леонид Теодорович |last=Petrenko |first=Vladimir G. |author-link= |date=1995 |chapter=1. Scythian Culture in the North Caucasus |title=Nomads of the Eurasian Steppes in the Early Iron Age |location=[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]], [[United States]] |publisher=Zinat Press |pages=5–25 |isbn=978-1-885979-00-1 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Phillips |first=E. D. |date=1972 |title=The Scythian Domination in Western Asia: Its Record in History, Scripture and Archaeology |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/123971 |journal=[[World Archaeology]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=129–138 |doi=10.1080/00438243.1972.9979527 |jstor=123971 |access-date=5 November 2021 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Rolle |first=Renato |date=1977 |title=Urartu und die Reiternomaden |trans-title=Urartu and the Mounted Nomads |language=de |url=https://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/abs/10.7788/saeculum.1977.28.3.291 |journal=[[Saeculum (journal)|Saeculum]] |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=291–339 |doi=10.7788/saeculum.1977.28.3.291 |s2cid=170768431 |access-date=10 August 2022 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Spalinger |first=Anthony |date=1976 |title=Psammetichus, King of Egypt: I |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40001126 |journal=[[Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt]] |volume=13 |issue= |pages=133–147 |doi=10.2307/40001126 |jstor=40001126 |access-date=2 November 2021 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Spalinger |first=Anthony J. |date=1978a |title=The Date of the Death of Gyges and Its Historical Implications |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/599752 |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] |volume=98 |issue=4 |pages=400–409 |doi=10.2307/599752 |jstor=599752 |access-date=25 October 2021 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Spalinger |first=Anthony |date=1978b |title=Psammetichus, King of Egypt: II |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40000130 |journal=Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt |volume=15 |issue= |pages=49–57 |doi=10.2307/40000130 |jstor=40000130 |access-date=2 November 2021 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Sulimirski |first=T. |author-link=Tadeusz Sulimirski |date=1954 |title=Scythian Antiquities in Western Asia |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3249059 |journal=[[Artibus Asiae]] |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=282–318 |publisher=Artibus Asiae Publishers |location=[[Ascona]], [[Switzerland]] |doi=10.2307/3249059 |jstor=3249059 |access-date=4 April 2023 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Gershevitch |editor-first=I. |editor-link=Ilya Gershevitch |last=Sulimirski |first=T. |author-link=Tadeusz Sulimirski |year=1985 |chapter=The Scyths |title=The Median and Achaemenian Periods |series=[[The Cambridge History of Iran]] |volume=2 |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=149–199 |isbn=978-1-139-05493-5 }}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Edwards |editor2-first=I. E. S. |editor2-link=I. E. S. Edwards |editor3-last=Hammond |editor3-first=N. G. L. |editor3-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor4-last=Sollberger |editor4-first=E. |editor4-link=Edmond Sollberger |editor5-last=Walker |editor5-first=C. B. F. |last1=Sulimirski |first1=Tadeusz |author-link=Tadeusz Sulimirski |last2=Taylor |first2=T. F. |author-link2=Timothy Taylor (archaeologist) |date=1991 |title=The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=3 |issue=2 |chapter=The Scythians |url= |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=547–590 |isbn=978-1-139-05429-4}}
* {{cite journal |last=Summers |first=Geoffrey D. |date=2023 |title=Resizing Phrygia: Migration, State and Kingdom |url=https://www.academia.edu/120024048 |journal=[[:de:Altorientalische Forschungen|Altorientalische Forschungen]] |trans-journal=Ancient Near Eastern Research |publisher=[[De Gruyter|Walter de Gruyter]] |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=107–128 |doi=10.1515/aofo-2023-0009 |access-date=25 July 2024}}
*Terenozhkin A.I., Cimmerians, Kiev, 1983
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Tokhtas’ev |first=Sergei R. |author-link=:ru:Тохтасьев, Сергей Ремирович |title=Cimmerians |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/cimmerians-nomads |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] |date=1991 |publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation]]; [[Brill Publishers]] |location=[[New York City]], [[United States]] |access-date= }}
* {{cite journal |last=Tokhtas’ev |first=Sergei R. |author-link=:ru:Тохтасьев, Сергей Ремирович |date=2007 |title=Der Name des kimmerischen Königs Lygdamis |trans-title=The name of the Cimmerian king Lygdamis |url=https://www.academia.edu/7205456 |language=de |journal=Milesische Forschungen |trans-journal=Milesian Studies |volume=5 |pages=607–612 |doi= |access-date=28 May 2023 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Tuplin |first=Christopher |date=2004 |title=Medes in Media, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia: Empire, Hegemony, Domination or Illusion? |url=https://www.academia.edu/8102970 |journal=Ancient West & East |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=223–251 |doi=10.1163/9789047405870_002 |isbn=9789047405870 |s2cid=245898469 |access-date=14 August 2022 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Tuplin |first=Christopher |date=2013 |title=Intolerable Clothes & a Terrifying Name: the Characteristics of an Achaemenid Invasion Force |url=https://www.academia.edu/5539592 |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies |volume=124 |issue= |pages=223–239 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal |last=Vaggione |first=Richard P. |date=1973 |title=Over All Asia? The Extent of the Scythian Domination in Herodotus |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3263121 |journal=[[Journal of Biblical Literature]] |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=523–530 |doi=10.2307/3263121 |jstor=3263121 |access-date=22 August 2022 }}
* {{cite book |last=van Loon |first=Maurits Nanning |author-link= |date=1966 |title=Urartian Art: Its Distinctive Traits in the Light of New Excavations |url=https://archive.org/details/urartianartitsdi0000loon |location=[[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]] |publisher=Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut }}
* {{cite journal |last=Vitchak |first=K. T. |date=1999 |title=Скифский язык: опыт описания |trans-title=The Scythian Language: Attempt at Description |url=https://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/1992-5/50-59 |journal=[[:ru:Вопросы языкознания|Вопросы языкознания]] |volume=5 |issue= |pages=50–59 |doi= |access-date=27 August 2022 }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |year=2006 |encyclopedia=Brill's New Pauly, Antiquity volumes |last=von Bredow |first=Iris|title=Cimmerii |doi=10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e613800 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Tsetskhladze |editor-first1=Gocha R. |editor-link1=Gocha R. Tsetskhladze |editor-last2=Avram |editor-first2=Alexandru |editor-last3=Hargrave |editor-first3=James |last=Xydopoulos |first=Ioannis K. |date=2015 |title=The Danubian Lands Between the Black, Aegean and Adriatic Seas (7th Century BC-10th Century AD): Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Belgrade - 17-21 September 2013) |chapter=The Cimmerians: their origins, movements and their difficulties |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/20037727 |location=[[Oxford]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Archaeopress|Archaeopress Publishing Limited]] |pages=119–123 |isbn=978-1-784-91192-8 }}
* {{cite book |last=Young |first=T. Cuyler |year=1988 |chapter=The early history of the Medes and the Persians and the Achaemenid empire to the death of Cambyses |editor1-last=Boardman |editor1-first=John |editor1-link=John Boardman (art historian) |editor2-last=Hammond |editor2-first=N. G. L. |editor2-link=N. G. L. Hammond |editor3-last=Lewis |editor3-first=D. M. |editor3-link=David Malcolm Lewis |editor4-last=Ostwald |editor4-first=M. |editor4-link=Martin Ostwald |title=Persia, Greece and the Western Mediterranean, c. 525 to 479 B.C. |series=[[The Cambridge Ancient History]] |volume=4 |location=[[Cambridge]], [[United Kingdom]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=1–52 |isbn=978-0-521-22804-6}}
{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cimmerians]]
[[Category:Peoples of the Caucasus]]
[[Category:History of the North Caucasus]]
[[Category:Historical Iranian peoples]]
[[Category:Iranian nomads]]
[[Category:Ancient peoples of Ukraine]]
[[Category:Ancient Russia]]
[[Category:Tribes described primarily by Herodotus]]