Editing Analytic philosophy (section)

==== Wittgenstein and religion ====
The analytic philosophy of religion has been preoccupied with Wittgenstein, as well as his interpretation of [[Søren Kierkegaard]]'s philosophy of religion.<ref>Creegan, Charles. (1989). ''Wittgenstein and Kierkegaard: Religion, Individuality and Philosophical Method''</ref> Wittgenstein fought for the Austrian army in the [[First World War]] and came upon a copy of [[Leo Tolstoy]]'s ''Gospel in Brief''. At that time, he underwent some kind of religious conversion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wittgenstein Tolstoy and the Gospel in Brief (2001) |url=http://www.the-philosopher.co.uk/2001/04/wittgenstein-tolstoy-and-the-gospel-in.html |access-date=2024-04-11}}</ref>

Using first-hand remarks (which were later published in ''Philosophical Investigations'', ''Culture and Value'', and other works), philosophers such as [[Peter Winch]] and [[Norman Malcolm]] developed what has come to be known as "contemplative philosophy", a Wittgensteinian school of thought rooted in the "[[Swansea University|Swansea]] school", and which includes Wittgensteinians such as [[Rush Rhees]], Peter Winch, and [[D.Z. Phillips]], among others.

The name "contemplative philosophy" was coined by D. Z. Phillips in ''Philosophy's Cool Place'', which rests on an interpretation of a passage from Wittgenstein's ''Culture and Value''.<ref>Phillips, D.Z. (1999). ''Philosophy's Cool Place''. Cornell University Press. The quote is from Wittgenstein's ''Culture and Value'' (2e): "My ideal is a certain coolness. A temple providing a setting for the passions without meddling with them."</ref> This interpretation was first labeled "Wittgensteinian [[Fideism]]" by [[Kai Nielsen (philosopher)|Kai Nielsen]], but those who consider themselves members of the Swansea school have relentlessly and repeatedly rejected this construal as a caricature of Wittgenstein's position; this is especially true of Phillips.<ref>{{cite SEP|url-id=fideism|title=Fideism}}</ref> Responding to this interpretation, Nielsen and Phillips became two of the most prominent interpreters of Wittgenstein's philosophy of religion.<ref>Nielsen, Kai and D.Z. Phillips. (2005). ''Wittgensteinian Fideism?''</ref>