Editing Local government (section)

===Canada===
{{Main article|Local government in Canada}}
[[File:Hamilton City Council (49372778288).jpg|thumb|A meeting of the [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] City Council]]
In Canada's federal system, local government is the responsibility of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provincial and territorial governments]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/30---31-vict-c-3/latest/30---31-vict-c-3.html#provincial|title=Constitution Act, 1867|website=Canadian Legal Information Institute}}</ref> The most prominent form of local government is the municipality, which is a locally elected authority with responsibility over a variety of services, such as roads, parks, fire protection, policing, planning, libraries, transit, and waste management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/municipal-government|title=Municipal Government in Canada|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> The exact responsibilities, powers, and governance of municipalities varies from province to province. In [[British Columbia]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]], municipalities operate on a two-tiered system, where lower-tier local municipalities administer some services, such as fire protection or parks, while upper-tier regional municipalities administer shared services, such as utilities, waste management, or policing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/AssetFactory.aspx?did=4965|title=The Municipal Councillor's Guide|publisher=[[Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario)|Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114182310/http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/AssetFactory.aspx?did=4965|archive-date=14 January 2009|access-date=June 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Union of British Columbia Municipalities |title=Local Government in British Columbia: A Community Effort |version=2006 Edition |url=http://ubcm.fileprosite.com/content/pdfstorage/25F8EA2EFE514E1AA23C812CE9211B25-LGinBC.pdf |access-date=July 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703175455/http://ubcm.fileprosite.com/content/pdfstorage/25F8EA2EFE514E1AA23C812CE9211B25-LGinBC.pdf |archive-date=July 3, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca/organisation-municipale/organisation-territoriale/organisation-territoriale-municipale/regime-municipal-general/#c22708 | title=Territorial organization, General municipal scheme: The supralocal level | publisher=Gouvernement du Québec: Affaires municipales de Québec | accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref> The remaining provinces and territories use a single-tier system of municipal government, where each municipality is legally independent of every other, although they may still voluntarily share services.

In addition to municipal government, some provinces maintain special purpose boards to govern police services, school districts, conservation authorities, or to provide certain municipal services to unincorporated areas that would not otherwise receive them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regional.gov.au/local/publications/reports/2002_2003/C7.aspx|title=Chapter 7 : Special report: local government in Canada|website=Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515020838/http://regional.gov.au/local/publications/reports/2002_2003/C7.aspx |archive-date=2017-05-15 }}</ref>

The federal government regulates [[Band government|First Nations band governments]], which deliver local services to [[Indian reserve|Indigenous reserves]] in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml |work=Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation |title=Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015074407/http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml |archive-date=2009-10-15 }}</ref> Many band governments administer more than one reserve, and may participate in tribal councils, a form of voluntary regional organization for several band governments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afn.ca/misc/AFN-AGA-2009.pdf |title=Consolidated Statement of Revenue and Expenses |work=AFN Executive Committee Reports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102145955/http://www.afn.ca/misc/AFN-AGA-2009.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-02 }}</ref>