Editing Local government (section)

==North America==

===Canada===
{{Main article|Local government in Canada}}
[[File:Hamilton City Council (49372778288).jpg|thumb|A meeting of the [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]] City Council]]
In Canada's federal system, local government is the responsibility of [[Provinces and territories of Canada|provincial and territorial governments]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/30---31-vict-c-3/latest/30---31-vict-c-3.html#provincial|title=Constitution Act, 1867|website=Canadian Legal Information Institute}}</ref> The most prominent form of local government is the municipality, which is a locally elected authority with responsibility over a variety of services, such as roads, parks, fire protection, policing, planning, libraries, transit, and waste management.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/municipal-government|title=Municipal Government in Canada|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia}}</ref> The exact responsibilities, powers, and governance of municipalities varies from province to province. In [[British Columbia]], [[Ontario]], and [[Quebec]], municipalities operate on a two-tiered system, where lower-tier local municipalities administer some services, such as fire protection or parks, while upper-tier regional municipalities administer shared services, such as utilities, waste management, or policing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/AssetFactory.aspx?did=4965|title=The Municipal Councillor's Guide|publisher=[[Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario)|Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing]]|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114182310/http://www.mah.gov.on.ca/AssetFactory.aspx?did=4965|archive-date=14 January 2009|access-date=June 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Union of British Columbia Municipalities |title=Local Government in British Columbia: A Community Effort |version=2006 Edition |url=http://ubcm.fileprosite.com/content/pdfstorage/25F8EA2EFE514E1AA23C812CE9211B25-LGinBC.pdf |access-date=July 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703175455/http://ubcm.fileprosite.com/content/pdfstorage/25F8EA2EFE514E1AA23C812CE9211B25-LGinBC.pdf |archive-date=July 3, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca/organisation-municipale/organisation-territoriale/organisation-territoriale-municipale/regime-municipal-general/#c22708 | title=Territorial organization, General municipal scheme: The supralocal level | publisher=Gouvernement du Québec: Affaires municipales de Québec | accessdate=August 28, 2022}}</ref> The remaining provinces and territories use a single-tier system of municipal government, where each municipality is legally independent of every other, although they may still voluntarily share services.

In addition to municipal government, some provinces maintain special purpose boards to govern police services, school districts, conservation authorities, or to provide certain municipal services to unincorporated areas that would not otherwise receive them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://regional.gov.au/local/publications/reports/2002_2003/C7.aspx|title=Chapter 7 : Special report: local government in Canada|website=Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515020838/http://regional.gov.au/local/publications/reports/2002_2003/C7.aspx |archive-date=2017-05-15 }}</ref>

The federal government regulates [[Band government|First Nations band governments]], which deliver local services to [[Indian reserve|Indigenous reserves]] in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml |work=Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation |title=Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015074407/http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/tresors/ethno/etb0000e.shtml |archive-date=2009-10-15 }}</ref> Many band governments administer more than one reserve, and may participate in tribal councils, a form of voluntary regional organization for several band governments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.afn.ca/misc/AFN-AGA-2009.pdf |title=Consolidated Statement of Revenue and Expenses |work=AFN Executive Committee Reports |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102145955/http://www.afn.ca/misc/AFN-AGA-2009.pdf |archive-date=2009-11-02 }}</ref>

===Mexico===
Mexico is a Federal Republic made up by 31 [[States of Mexico|states]] and [[Mexico City]]. Each state is divided in ''[[municipalities of Mexico|municipios]]'', while Mexico City is divided in sixteen {{lang|es|[[Boroughs of Mexico City|demarcaciones territoriales]]}} (formerly called ''delegaciones''). Twenty-nine states of Mexico were created as administrative divisions by the constitution of 1917, which grants them those powers not expressly vested in the federal government; Mexico's two remaining territories, [[Baja California Sur]] and [[Quintana Roo]], achieved statehood on 8 October 1974, raising the total to 31.<ref>[http://www.congresoqroo.gob.mx/dependencias/DIR_biblioteca/historia/palacio.pdf "Poder Legislativo del Estado de Quintana Roo. Instalación de la Legislatura Constituyente"], Congressqroo.gob.mx</ref> Each state has a constitution, a governor elected for six years, and a unicameral legislature, with representatives elected by district vote in proportion to population. An ordinary session of the legislature is held annually, and extraordinary sessions may be called by the governor or the permanent committee. Bills may be introduced by legislators, by the governor, by the state supreme court, and by municipalities (a unit comparable to a US county). In addition to the 31 states, there is also [[Mexico City]], whose [[List of mayors of Mexico City|Head of Government]] serves as a member of the city's cabinet and its title is compared as a governor. Many state services are supported by federal subsidies.

The principal unit of state government is the municipality. Mexico's 2,378 municipalities are governed by municipal presidents and municipal councils. State governors generally select the nominees for the municipal elections. Municipal budgets are approved by the respective state governors. Until 1997, the president appointed the mayor of Mexico City. Political reforms allowed the first open elections in 1997, and [[Cuauhtémoc Cardenas Solórzano]] became Mexico City's first elected mayor.

===United States===
{{Main article|Local government in the United States}}
[[File:Fullerton City Council.jpg|thumb|A city council meeting in [[Fullerton, California]]]]
Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the [[U.S. state|state]]. Most states have at least two tiers of local government: [[County (United States)|counties]] and [[municipality|municipalities]]. In some states, counties are divided into [[Civil township|townships]]. There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level, including the [[city]], [[town]], [[parish]], [[borough (United States)|borough]], [[village (United States)|village]], [[Indian reservation|reservations]] and [[boundaries (United States)|boundaries]].  The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state.