Editing High-speed rail (section)

==Records==

===Speed===
{{Main|Railway speed record}}

[[File:JR Central SCMaglev L0 Series Shinkansen 201408081002.jpg|thumb|[[L0 Series Shinkansen]], unconventional world speed record holder ({{convert|603|km/h|1|abbr=on|disp=or}})]]
[[File:2007-06-18 - Gare de Paris-Est - TGV 4402.JPG|thumb|[[V150 (train)|V150 train]], modified [[TGV]], conventional world speed record holder ({{convert|574.8|km/h|1|abbr=on|disp=or}})]]

There are several definitions of "maximum speed":
* The maximum speed at which a train is allowed to run by law or policy in daily service (MOR)
* The maximum speed at which an unmodified train is proved to be capable of running
* The maximum speed at which specially modified train is proved to be capable of running

====Absolute speed record====

=====Overall rail record=====
The speed record for a pre-production unconventional passenger train was set by a seven-car [[L0 series]] manned [[maglev]] train at {{convert|603|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on 21 April 2015 in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan.<ref name="guardian20150421">{{cite web |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/21/japans-maglev-train-notches-up-new-world-speed-record-in-test-run|title= Japan's maglev train breaks world speed record with {{convert|600|km/h|abbr=off}} test run |date= 21 April 2015|work= The Guardian |location= United Kingdom|access-date= 21 April 2015}}</ref>

=====Conventional rail=====
Since the 1955 record, where France recorded a world record of speed of 331&nbsp;km/h, France has nearly continuously held the absolute world speed record. The latest record is held by a [[TGV POS]] trainset, which reached {{convert|574.8|km/h|1|abbr=on}} in 2007, on the newly constructed [[LGV Est]] high-speed line. This run was for proof of concept and engineering, not to test normal passenger service.

====Maximum speed in service====
{{Main|List of high-speed trains|l1=List of fastest trains}}
{{As of|2022}}, the fastest trains currently in commercial operation are:

# [[Shanghai Maglev]]: {{convert|431|km/h|abbr=on}} (in China, on the lone {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} [[maglev track]])
# [[China Railway CR400AF|CR400AF/KCIC400AF]], [[China Railway CR400BF|CR400BF]]: {{convert|350|km/h|abbr=on}} (in China and Indonesia)
# [[TGV Duplex]], [[TGV Réseau]], [[TGV POS]], [[Euroduplex|TGV Euroduplex]]: {{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} (in France)
# [[British Rail Class 374|Eurostar e320]]: {{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} (in France and United Kingdom)
# [[E5 and H5 Series Shinkansen|E5, H5]], [[E6 Series Shinkansen]]: {{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} (in Japan)
# [[ICE 3|ICE 3 Class 403, 406, 407]]: {{convert|320|km/h|abbr=on}} (in Germany)
# [[AVE Class 103]]: {{convert|310|km/h|abbr=on}} (in Spain)
# [[CRH2]]C, [[CRH3]]C, [[China Railways CRH380A|CRH380A & AL]], [[CRH3|CRH380B, BL & CL]], [[CRH380D]]: {{convert|310|km/h|abbr=on}} (in China)
# [[KTX-I]], [[KTX-Sancheon]], [[KTX-Cheongryong]]: {{convert|305|km/h|abbr=on}} (in South Korea)
# [[AGV (train)#NTV|AGV 575]], [[FS Class ETR 500#Second generation|ETR 500]], [[ETR 1000]] (Frecciarossa 1000): {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} (in Italy)

Many of these trains and their networks are technically capable of higher speeds but they are capped out of economic and commercial considerations (cost of electricity, increased maintenance, resulting ticket price, etc.)

=====Levitation trains=====
The [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] reaches {{convert|431|km/h|0|abbr=on}} during its daily service on its {{convert|30.5|km|abbr=on}} dedicated line, holding the speed record for commercial train service.<ref>[http://www.railway-technology.com/features/feature-top-ten-fastest-trains-in-the-world/ "Top ten fastest trains in the world" railway-technology.com] 29 August 2013</ref> {{Clarify|reason=the source does not mention any official record-awarding body for fastest commercial train service which measures the speeds|date=June 2014}}

=====Conventional rail=====
The fastest operating conventional trains are the Chinese CR400A and CR400B running on [[Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway|Beijing–Shanghai HSR]], after China relaunched its 350&nbsp;km/h class service on select services effective 21 September 2017. In China, from July 2011 until September 2017, the maximum speed was officially {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}}, but a {{convert|10|km/h|0|abbr=on}} tolerance was acceptable, and trains often reached {{convert|310|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}} Before that, from August 2008 to July 2011, [[China Railway High-speed]] trains held the highest commercial operating speed record with {{convert|350|km/h|0|abbr=on}} on some lines such as the [[Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway]].
The speed of the service was reduced in 2011 due to high costs and safety concerns the top speeds in China were reduced to {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|round=5}} on 1 July 2011.<ref name="cdaily3">{{cite news |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7351162.html|title=World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit |date=15 April 2011|newspaper=People's Daily Online}}</ref> Six years later they started to be restored to their original high speeds.<ref name="Xinhuanet"/>

Other fast conventional trains are the French [[TGV POS]], German [[ICE 3]], and Japanese [[E5 Series Shinkansen|E5]] and [[E6 Series Shinkansen]] with a maximum commercial speed of {{convert|320|km/h|0|abbr=on}}, the former two on some French high-speed lines,{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}} and the latter on a part of [[Tohoku Shinkansen]] line.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/17/national/320-kph-hayabusa-matches-world-speed-record|title= 320-km/h Hayabusa matches world speed record|date= 17 March 2013|work= [[The Japan Times]]|publisher= The Japan Times Ltd.|location= Japan|access-date= 11 September 2013|archive-date= 19 March 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130319005749/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/17/national/320-kph-hayabusa-matches-world-speed-record|url-status= dead}}</ref>

In Spain, on the [[Barcelona Madrid high-speed rail line|Madrid–Barcelona HSL]], maximum speed is {{convert|310|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.{{Citation needed|date=September 2013}}

===Service distance===
{{main|Longest train services}}
The [[China Railway]] G403/4, G405/6 and D939/40 [[Beijing–Kunming high-speed train|Beijing–Kunming]] train ({{convert|2653|km|mi|disp=or|abbr=off}}, 10 hours 43 minutes to 14 hours 54 minutes), which began service on 28 December 2016, are the longest high-speed rail services in the world.