Editing Martinique (section)

== Energy ==
Martinique is part of the zones not interconnected to the continental metropolitan network (ZNI), which must therefore produce the electricity they consume themselves. For this reason, the ZNI have specific legislation on electricity production and [[Distribution (mathematics)|distribution]].

Martinique's [[energy mix]] is marked by a very strong importance of thermal [[Energy development|energy production]]. At the same time, the island's electricity consumption has decreased slightly. These results can be attributed to the information and awareness-raising efforts of the regions, the Agency for the Environment and Energy Management (ADEME) and energy companies in favor of energy savings, but also to the context of demographic decline of the territory.

Despite these results, the control of the Territory's electricity consumption remains a central issue, given the Territory's low energy potential<ref>ADEME, Vers l'autonomie énergétique en zone non-interconnectée à l'horizon 2030. Rapport final d'étude pour l'île de la Martinique</ref> compared to other overseas territories, such as [[Guadeloupe]]<ref>Agence de l'environnement et de la maîtrise de l'énergie, Vers l'autonomie énergétique en zone non-interconnectée à l'horizon 2030 Rapport final d'étude pour l'île de la Guadeloupe Agencia del Medio Ambiente y de la Gestión de la Energía, Hacia la autonomía energética en zona no interconectada en el horizonte 2030. Informe final del estudio para la isla de Guadalupe</ref> and [[Réunion|Reunion]].<ref>ADEME, Vers l'autonomie énergétique en zone non-interconnectée à l'horizon 2030 Rapport final d'étude pour l'île de la Réunion ADEME,</ref>

Martinique and its inhabitants are therefore faced with a twofold need: to further strengthen the control of electricity consumption and at the same time develop [[Renewable energy|renewable energies]] to reduce environmental pollution due to thermal electricity production.
[[File:Cascade de Saut-Gendarme Fonds Saint Denis, Fort-de-France, Martinique - panoramio.jpg|thumb|upright|Saut-Gendarme waterfall]]

=== Renewable energies ===
The exploitation of renewable energies in Martinique started late, as the characteristics of the island were previously considered unfavorable for their [[Development economics|development]]. However, the efforts of the population and energy suppliers are moving towards a higher proportion of renewable energies in Martinique's future energy mix.

Article 56 of the Grenelle I Law No. 2009-967 3 August 2009, on the implementation of the Grenelle Environment Forum, sets out the provisions for [[Overseas France|overseas]]: in the case of Martinique, the energy objective is to reach 50% renewable energy in final [[Consumption (economics)|consumption]] by 2020. Energy autonomy is planned for 2030.

As Martinique's electricity distribution grid is not interconnected with neighboring islands, let alone with the mainland's metropolitan grid, the decree of 23 April 2008, applies to the management of so-called intermittent energies: wind, [[Photovoltaics|photovoltaic]] and marine: any solar and wind power production facility with a capacity exceeding 3 kWp and not equipped with a storage system is liable to be disconnected from the grid by the grid manager once the threshold of 30% of random active power injected into the grid has been reached.

Thus, the achievement of the objectives of the Grenelle I law is subject to the development of Structures with a maximum power of 3 kWp or less, or to the incorporation of storage devices in production facilities.

=== Water ===
90% of the water distributed by Martinique's drinking water network comes from Rainwater intakes in five catchment areas. Thus, although there is no shortage of water, the situation becomes very critical in the Lenten period, with abstractions leading to the drying up of several rivers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Martinique {{!}} BRGM|url=https://www.brgm.fr/fr/implantation-regionale/martinique|access-date=31 July 2021|website=www.brgm.fr|language=fr|archive-date=25 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725100840/https://www.brgm.fr/fr/implantation-regionale/martinique|url-status=live}}</ref>

Water resources are abundant but unevenly distributed: Four municipalities (Saint-Joseph, Gros-Morne, le Lorrain and Fort-de-France) provide 85% of Martinique's [[drinking water]].

There is no water catchment in the south of the island. The water consumed in the South comes exclusively from abstractions from the North and the center (mainly from the Blanche River which flows into the Lézarde, the Capot, and the Dumauzé). Thus, 60% of the total is extracted from a single river (the Lézarde and its tributary, the Blanche river). This concentration of abstractions can constitute a risk in a [[crisis]] situation, such as a drought for example.<ref>{{cite web |last=RAIMBAUD |first=Guillaume |title=Les chiffres de l'eau potable en Martinique |url=https://www.observatoire-eau-martinique.fr/services-d-eau-potable-et-d-assainissement/eau-potable |access-date=31 July 2021 |website=Observatoire de l'Eau – Martinique |language=en |archive-date=8 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208234408/http://www.observatoire-eau-martinique.fr/services-d-eau-potable-et-d-assainissement/eau-potable |url-status=live }}</ref>