Editing Carnival (section)

====Portugal====
[[File:Carnaval de Sesimbra 2007 24.JPG|thumb|right|Sesimbra Carnival, in [[Sesimbra]], Portugal]]

Carnival is Carnaval in [[Portugal]], celebrated throughout the country, most famously in [[Ovar]], [[Sesimbra]], [[Madeira]], [[Loulé]], [[Nazaré, Portugal|Nazaré]], [[Mealhada]], and [[Torres Vedras]]. Carnaval in [[Podence (Macedo de Cavaleiros)|Podence]] and [[Lazarim]] incorporates pagan traditions such as the [[careto]], while the Torres Vedras celebration is probably the most typical.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Portugal Carnival |url=https://www.portugalproperty.com/guide-to-portugal/portugal-destinations/the-portugal-carnival |access-date=2024-02-10 |website=www.portugalproperty.com |language=en |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530045205/https://www.portugalproperty.com/guide-to-portugal/portugal-destinations/the-portugal-carnival |url-status=live }}</ref>

=====Azores=====
On the islands of the [[Azores]], local clubs and Carnival groups create colorful and creative costumes that jab at politics or culture.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Carnaval in Portugal, and the Azores|url=https://www.azores-adventures.com/2015/02/carnaval-in-portugal-and-the-azores.html|website=Portugal Adventures|access-date=2020-05-23|archive-date=9 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309062610/https://www.azores-adventures.com/2015/02/carnaval-in-portugal-and-the-azores.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On [[São Miguel Island]], Carnival features street vendors selling fried dough, called a [[malassada]]. The festival on the biggest island starts off with a [[black tie]] grand ball, followed by Latin music at Coliseu Micaelense. A children's parade fills the streets of Ponta Delgada with children from each school district in costume. A massive parade continues past midnight, ending in [[fireworks]].<ref name=":2" />

The event includes theatre performances and dances. In the "Danças de Entrudo", hundreds of people follow the dancers around the island. Throughout the show the dancers act out scenes from daily life. The "Dances de Carnival" are [[allegorical]] and comedic tales acted out in the streets. The largest is in [[Angra do Heroísmo]], with more than 30 groups performing. More Portuguese-language theatrical performances occur there than anywhere else.<ref name=":2" />

Festivities end on Ash Wednesday, when locals sit down for the "Batatada" or potato feast, in which the main dish is [[salted cod]] with potatoes, eggs, mint, bread and wine. Residents then return to the streets for the burning of the "Carnival clown", ending the season.<ref name=":2" />

=====Madeira=====
{{Main|Carnival of Madeira}}
[[File:Carnival in Funchal.JPG|thumb|A dancer in the [[Carnival of Madeira]], in [[Funchal]], Portugal]]

On the island of [[Madeira]], the island's capital, [[Funchal]], wakes up on the Friday before Ash Wednesday to the sound of brass bands and Carnival parades throughout downtown. Festivities continue with concerts and shows in the Praça do Município for five consecutive days. The main Carnival street parade takes place on Saturday evening, with thousands of [[samba]] dancers filling the streets. The traditional street event takes place on Tuesday, featuring daring caricatures.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biddle|first=Anthony|title=The Madeira Islands Vol.1|date=1900|publisher=Hurst & Blackett, limited|location=Philadelphia and New York|page=278}}</ref>

Arguably, Brazil's Carnival could be traced to the period of the [[Age of Discovery#Portuguese exploration|Portuguese Age of Discoveries]] when their [[caravel]]s passed regularly through Madeira, a territory that emphatically celebrated Carnival.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://diariodigital.sapo.pt/news.asp?id_news=759044| title=Carnaval da Madeira poderá ter influenciado festividades no Brasil| work=sapo.pt| access-date=29 July 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308095006/http://diariodigital.sapo.pt/news.asp?id_news=759044| archive-date=8 March 2016| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://sicnoticias.sapo.pt/cultura/2015-02-08-Historiador-diz-que-Carnaval-da-Madeira-pode-ter-influenciado-festividades-no-Brasil-| title=SIC Notícias – Cultura| work=SIC Notícias| access-date=29 July 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828035814/https://sicnoticias.sapo.pt/cultura/2015-02-08-Historiador-diz-que-Carnaval-da-Madeira-pode-ter-influenciado-festividades-no-Brasil-| archive-date=28 August 2018| url-status=dead}}</ref>

=====Ovar=====
{{Main|Carnival of Ovar}}
[[File:Ovar Portugal Carnival.jpg|thumb|[[Carnival of Ovar]] in [[Ovar]], Portugal]]

Carnival in the town of [[Ovar]], in the [[Região de Aveiro|Aveiro Region]], began in 1952 and is the region's largest festivity, representing a large investment and the most important touristic event to the city. It is known for its creative designs, displayed in the Carnival Parade, which features troupes with themed costumes and music, ranging from the traditional to pop culture. Along with the Carnival Parade, there are five nights of partying, finishing with the famous 'Magical night' where people come from all over the country, mostly with their handmade costumes, only to have fun with the locals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.portugalvoyager.com/?q=content%2Fcarnival-portugal |title=Carnival in Portugal &#124; Portugal Voyager |access-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930113735/http://www.portugalvoyager.com/?q=content%2Fcarnival-portugal |archive-date=30 September 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===== Other regions =====
In [[Estarreja]], in the Central region of Portugal, the town's first references to Carnival were in the 14th century, with "Flower Battles", richly decorated floats that paraded through the streets. At the beginning of the twentieth century, these festivities ended with the deaths of its main promoters, only to reappear again in the 1960s to become one of many important Carnival festivals in Portugal.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

In the Northern region of [[Podence e Santa Combinha|Podence]], children appear from Sunday to Tuesday with tin masks and colorful multilayered costumes made from red, green and yellow wool. In the Central Portugal towns of [[Nelas]] and [[Canas de Senhorim]], Carnival is an important tourist event. Nelas and Canas de Senhorim host four festive parades that offer colorful and creative costumes: Bairro da Igreja and Cimo do Povo in Nelas and do Paço and do Rossio in Canas de Senhorim.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-19 |title=Discovering pagan parades and pyrotechnics as part of Portugal's ancient mountain carnival |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/discovering-pagan-parades-pyrotechnics-portugals-ancient-mountain-carnival |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=Travel |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Lisbon]], Carnival offers parades, dances and festivities featuring stars from Portugal and Brazil. The [[Loures]] Carnival celebrates the country's folk traditions, including the ''enterro do bacalhau'' or burial of the [[cod]], which marks the end of Carnival and the festivities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events |url=https://www.cm-loures.pt/artigo.aspx?displayid=8430 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=www.cm-loures.pt |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705205041/https://www.cm-loures.pt/artigo.aspx?displayid=8430 |url-status=live }}</ref>

North of Lisbon is the famous [[Torres Vedras]] Carnival, described as the "most Portuguese in Portugal". The celebration highlight is a parade of creatively decorated streetcars that satirize society and politics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-31 |title=▷ Torres Vedras Carnival, Portugal ▷ BEST Guide with Dates and info |url=https://bestcarnivals.org/europa/torres-vedras-carnival-portugal/ |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=▷ Discover the Best CARNIVALS of 2021 from around the world |language=en-GB }}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Other Central Portugal towns, such as [[Fátima, Portugal|Fátima]] and [[Leiria]], offer colorful, family-friendly celebrations. In these towns, everyone dresses up as if it were [[Halloween]]. Children and adults wear masks.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

In the [[Algarve]] region, several resort towns offer Carnival parades. Besides the themed floats and cars, the festivities include "samba" groups, bands, dances, and music.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bloggers4you.com/carnival/#more-639 |title=Carnival-gmtlight |access-date=11 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011233403/https://bloggers4you.com/carnival/#more-639 |archive-date=11 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In [[Lazarim]], a civil parish in the municipality of [[Lamego]], celebrations follow the pagan tradition of Roman [[Saturnalia]]s. It celebrates by burning colorful effigies and dressing in home-made costumes. Locally-made wooden masks are worn. The masks are effigies of men and women with horns, but both roles are performed by men. They are distinguished by their clothes, with caricature attributes of both men and women.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

The Lazarim Carnaval cycle encompasses two periods, the first starting on the fifth Sunday before Quinquagesima Sunday. Masked figures and people wearing large sculpted heads walk through the town. The locals feast on meats, above all [[pork]]. The second cycle, held on Sundays preceding Ash Wednesday, incorporates the tradition of the Compadres and Comadres, with men and women displaying light-hearted authority over the other.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

Over the five weeks, men prepare large masked heads and women raise funds to pay for two [[mannequin]]s that will be sacrificed in a public bonfire. This is a key event and is unique to Portugal. During the bonfire, a girl reads the Compadre's will and a boy reads the Comadre's will. The executors of the will are named, a [[donkey]] is symbolically distributed to both female and male "heirs", and then there is the final reckoning in which the Entrudo, or Carnival doll, is burned.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The "Mascarados" (masked figures) in Lazarim {{!}} www.visitportugal.com |url=https://www.visitportugal.com/en/NR/exeres/52F135A9-DC01-49C6-9C78-2C423FA04CFD |access-date=2024-05-19 |website=www.visitportugal.com}}</ref>