Editing Industrial Revolution (section)

==References==
{{reflist|25em|refs=

<ref name="Clow52">{{Cite book |last1=Clow |first1=Archibald |last2=Clow |first2=Nan L. |date=June 1952 |title=Chemical Revolution |publisher=Ayer Co |pages=[https://archive.org/details/chemicalrevoluti0000clow/page/65 65–90] |isbn=978-0-8369-1909-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/chemicalrevoluti0000clow/page/65 }}</ref>

<ref name="Buer">Mabel C. Buer, ''Health, Wealth and Population in the Early Days of the Industrial Revolution'', London: George Routledge & Sons, 1926, p. 30 {{ISBN|0-415-38218-1}}</ref>

<ref name="Demographic Transition and Industrial Revolution: A Macroeconomic Investigation">{{cite web |title=Demographic Transition and Industrial Revolution: A Macroeconomic Investigation |year=2007 |access-date=5 November 2007 |url=http://www.unc.edu/~oksana/Paper1.pdf |first1=Michael |last1=Bar |first2=Oksana |last2=Leukhina |quote=The decrease [in mortality] beginning in the second half of the 18th century was due mainly to declining adult mortality. Sustained decline of the mortality rates for the age groups 5–10, 10–15, and 15–25 began in the mid-19th century, while that for the age group 0–5 began three decades later |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127160733/http://www.unc.edu/~oksana/Paper1.pdf |archive-date=27 November 2007 }}. Although the survival rates for infants and children were static over this period, the birth rate & overall life expectancy increased. Thus the population grew, but the [[demographics|average Briton was about as old]] in 1850 as in 1750 (see figures 5 & 6, p. 28). Population size statistics from [http://www.mortality.org/ mortality.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228152143/http://www.mortality.org/ |date=28 February 2011 }} put the mean age at about 26.</ref>

<ref name="Capital and Innovation: How Britain Became the First Industrial Nation">{{Cite book |title= Capital and Innovation: How Britain Became the First Industrial Nation |isbn= 978-0-9518382-4-2 |year= 2004 |first= Charles |last= Foster |publisher= Arley Hall Press |location= Northwich}} Argues that capital accumulation and [[Wealth condensation|wealth concentration]] in an entrepreneurial culture following the [[Commercial Revolution|commercial revolution]] made the industrial revolution possible, for example.</ref>

<ref name="From Coal Mine Upwards: or Seventy Years of an Eventful Life">{{Cite book |last1= Dunn |first1= James |title= From Coal Mine Upwards: or Seventy Years of an Eventful Life |year= 1905 |publisher= Wildside Press, LLC |isbn=978-1-4344-6870-3}}</ref>

<ref name="Lectures on Economic Growth">{{cite book |last= Lucas | first= Robert E. Jr. |title= Lectures on Economic Growth |publisher= Harvard University Press |year= 2002 |location= Cambridge |pages= [https://archive.org/details/lecturesoneconom00luca/page/109 109–110]|url=https://archive.org/details/lecturesoneconom00luca|url-access= registration |isbn= 978-0-674-01601-9}}</ref>

<ref name="Men, Machines and Modern Times">{{cite book |title=Men, Machines and Modern Times |last=Morison |first=Elting E. |year=1966|publisher=The M.I.T Press|location=Cambridge, MA and London |url=https://archive.org/details/menmachinesmoder00mori|url-access=registration }}</ref>

<ref name="Technics & Civilization">{{cite book |url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/015688254X?p=S00Q&checkSum=udoW5CVmUdy3Y45ns0wtGk7Wesh6yWx220dcukbd7VE%3D |title=Technics & Civilization |date=January 1963 |publisher=Lewis Mumford |isbn=978-0-15-688254-5 |access-date=8 January 2009 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307233600/https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/015688254X?p=S00Q&checkSum=udoW5CVmUdy3Y45ns0wtGk7Wesh6yWx220dcukbd7VE= |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700-2100">{{cite book |title=The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100|last=Fogel |first=Robert W.|author-link=Robert Fogel|year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=London |isbn=978-0-521-80878-1 }}</ref>

<ref name="Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission">{{cite web |title= Testimony Gathered by Ashley's Mines Commission |year= 2008 |access-date= 22 March 2008 |url= http://www.victorianweb.org/history/ashley.html |archive-date= 19 December 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081219092543/http://www.victorianweb.org/history/ashley.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="The Industrial Revolution ''Past and Future''">{{cite web|url=https://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm |title=The Industrial Revolution ''Past and Future'' |first=Robert |last=Lucas |year=2003 |quote=[consider] annual growth rates of 2.4 percent for the first 60 years of the 20th century, of 1 percent for the entire 19th century, of one-third of 1 percent for the 18th century |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127032512/http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm |archive-date=27 November 2007 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Industrial Revolution – Innovations">{{cite web |first1=Eric |last1=Bond |first2=Sheena |last2=Gingerich |first3=Oliver |last3=Archer-Antonsen |first4=Liam |last4=Purcell |first5=Elizabeth |last5=Macklem |url=http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html |title=The Industrial Revolution – Innovations |publisher=Industrialrevolution.sea.ca |date=17 February 2003 |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-date=6 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906051618/http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="The Industrial Revolution – Causes">{{cite web |first1=Eric |last1=Bond |first2=Sheena |last2=Gingerich |first3=Oliver |last3=Archer-Antonsen |first4=Liam |last4=Purcell |first5=Elizabeth |last5=Macklem |url=http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/causes.html |title=The Industrial Revolution – Causes |publisher=Industrialrevolution.sea.ca |date=17 February 2003 |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-date=2 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100202030217/http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/causes.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="The Industrial Revolution">{{cite web|publisher=Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis |url=https://www.minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm |title=The Industrial Revolution |access-date=14 November 2007 | author=Robert Lucas Jr. |year=2003 |quote=it is fairly clear that up to 1800 or maybe 1750, no society had experienced sustained growth in per capita income. (Eighteenth century population growth also averaged one-third of 1 percent, the same as production growth.) That is, up to about two centuries ago, per capita [[real income|incomes]] in all societies were stagnated at around $400 to $800 per year. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127032512/http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm |archive-date=27 November 2007 |author-link=Robert Lucas, Jr }}</ref>

<ref name="The Industrial Revolution13">{{cite book|last=Hudson|first=Pat|title=The Industrial Revolution|publisher=Edward Arnold|location=London|year=1992|page=11|isbn=978-0-7131-6531-9}}</ref>

<ref name="The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England">{{cite web |title= The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England |year= 2008 |access-date= 22 March 2008 |url= http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html |archive-date= 13 March 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080313022018/http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html |url-status= live }}</ref>

<ref name="The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England">{{cite web |first=Steven |last=Kreis |url=http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html |title=The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England |publisher=Historyguide.org |date=11 October 2006 |access-date=30 January 2011 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102090701/http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="The industrial revolution in national context: Europe and the USA">{{cite book|last=Crouzet|first=François|title=The industrial revolution in national context: Europe and the USA|editor=Teich, Mikuláš |editor2=[[Roy Porter|Porter, Roy]]|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1996|page=45|chapter=France|isbn=978-0-521-40940-7|lccn=95025377}}</ref>

<ref name="Trends in Real Wages in Britain, 1750–1913">{{cite journal |doi=10.1006/exeh.1994.1007 |title=Trends in Real Wages in Britain, 1750–1913 |year=1994 |author=Crafts, N |journal=Explorations in Economic History |volume=31 |page=176 |issue=2 |last2=Mills |first2=Terence C. |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/1989-1994/twerp371.pdf |access-date=9 December 2019 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414140416/https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/research/workingpapers/1989-1994/twerp371.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

<ref name="Woodward81">Woodward, D. (1981) ''[https://archive.today/20130415223308/http://past.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/91/1/28 Wage rates and living standards in pre-industrial England]'' Past & Present 1981 91(1):28–46</ref>

<ref name="archives">"[https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hine-photos/ Photographs of Lewis Hine: Documentation of Child Labor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511020010/https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/hine-photos |date=11 May 2021 }}". The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.</ref>

<ref name="archive5">{{cite web|url=http://www.chartists.net/General-Strike-1842 |title=General Strike 1842 |access-date=9 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609204531/http://www.chartists.net/General-Strike-1842 |archive-date=9 June 2007}} From chartists.net. Retrieved 13 November 2006.</ref>

<ref name="bbc">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_medicine_01.shtml BBC – History – Victorian Medicine – From Fluke to Theory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817120916/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/victorian_medicine_01.shtml |date=17 August 2021 }}. Published: 1 February 2002.</ref>

<ref name="britannica">"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization/12022/Population-change Modernization – Population Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406074344/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/387301/modernization/12022/Population-change |date=6 April 2009 }}". Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref>

<ref name="countrystudies">"[http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-82.htm United States History – The Struggles of Labor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104214750/http://countrystudies.us/united-states/history-82.htm |date=4 January 2012 }}". [[Library of Congress Country Studies]].</ref>

<ref name="britannica7">[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/361363/Manchester Manchester (England, United Kingdom)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034949/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/361363/Manchester |date=5 May 2015 }}. Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref>

<ref name="britannica8">Encyclopædia Britannica (1998): ''Samuel Slater''</ref>

<ref name="continuity">E.A. Wrigley, ''Continuity chance and change''.</ref>

<!--ref name="development2"-->Hulse, David H: The Early Development of the Steam Engine; TEE Publishing, Leamington Spa, UK, 1999 {{ISBN|1-85761-107-1}}

<!-- ref name="industrial"-->[[Watt steam engine]] File: located in the lobby of into the Superior Technical School of Industrial Engineers of the UPM (Madrid)

<ref name="google1">Joseph E Inikori. ''Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England'', Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-01079-9}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=y7rhKYWhCyIC&pg=PA102 Google Books]{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

<!--ref name="google3"-->Overton, Mark. [https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521568593/page/122 <!-- quote=Rotherham plough of 1730. --> Agricultural revolution in England: the transformation of the agrarian economy, 1500–1850] Cambridge University Press, 1996

<ref name="hartwell">R.M. Hartwell, ''The Rising Standard of Living in England, 1800–1850'', Economic History Review, 1963, p. 398 {{ISBN|0-631-18071-0}}</ref>

<ref name="independent">"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/a-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html A portrait of Britain in 2031] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044150/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/a-portrait-of-britain-in-2031-395231.html |date=9 December 2017 }}". The Independent. 24 October 2007.</ref>

<ref name="industrial4">R.M. Hartwell, ''The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth'', Methuen and Co., 1971, pp.&nbsp;339–341 {{ISBN|0-416-19500-8}}</ref>

<ref name="lorenzen">[http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html Rehabilitating the Industrial Revolution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109022755/http://www.julielorenzen.net/berg.html |date=9 November 2006 }} by Julie Lorenzen, Central Michigan University. Retrieved November 2006.</ref>

<ref name="galbithink">"[http://www.galbithink.org/child.htm Child Labour and the Division of Labour in the Early English Cotton Mills] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060109031609/http://www.galbithink.org/child.htm |date=9 January 2006 }}". Douglas A. Galbi. Centre for History and Economics, King's College, Cambridge CB2 1ST.</ref>

<ref name="memphis">[http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/concrete_properties_slides.pdf ''Properties of Concrete''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225045836/http://www.ce.memphis.edu/1101/notes/concrete/concrete_properties_slides.pdf |date=25 February 2021 }} Published lecture notes from University of Memphis Department of Civil Engineering. Retrieved 17 October 2007.</ref>

<ref name="language">a word from [[Walloon language|Walloon]] origin</ref>

<ref name="erih">{{cite web|url=http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=114 |title=European Route of Industrial Heritage |publisher=En.erih.net |access-date=19 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731024244/http://en.erih.net/index.php?pageId=114 |archive-date=31 July 2013}}</ref>

<ref name="linguistiques">Michel De Coster, ''Les enjeux des conflits linguistiques'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 2007, {{ISBN|978-2-296-03394-8}}, pp.&nbsp;122–123</ref>

<ref name="prb">"[http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx Human Population: Urbanization]". Population Reference Bureau. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026040409/http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/Urbanization.aspx |date=26 October 2009 }}</ref>

<ref name="dklevine">Michele Boldrin and David K. Levine, [http://www.dklevine.com/general/intellectual/againstfinal.htm Against Intellectual Monopoly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222163546/http://www.dklevine.com/general/intellectual/againstfinal.htm |date=22 February 2011 }}, {{cite web |url= http://www.dklevine.com/papers/imbookfinal01.pdf |title= Chapter 1, final online version January 2, 2008 |access-date= 15 December 2009 |archive-date= 12 September 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220912035544/http://www.dklevine.com/papers/imbookfinal01.pdf |url-status= live }}&nbsp;{{small|(55&nbsp;KB)}}, p. 15. Cambridge University Press, 2008. {{ISBN|978-0-521-87928-6}}</ref>

<ref name="prb6">"[http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx Human Population: Population Growth: Question and Answer]". Population Reference Bureau. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008122200/http://www.prb.org/Educators/TeachersGuides/HumanPopulation/PopulationGrowth/QuestionAnswer.aspx |date=8 October 2009 }}</ref>

<ref name="dictatorship">[[Barrington Moore, Jr.]], ''Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World'', pp.&nbsp;29–30, Boston, Beacon Press, 1966.</ref>

<ref name="publishing">Chris Evans, Göran Rydén, ''The Industrial Revolution in Iron; The impact of British Coal Technology in Nineteenth-Century Europe'' Published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., Farnham 2005, pp.&nbsp;37–38 {{ISBN|0-7546-3390-X}}.</ref>

<ref name="marczewski">Jean Marczewski, " Y a-t-il eu un "''take-off''" en France ? ", 1961, dans les ''Cahiers de l'ISEA''</ref>

<ref name="revolution">Eric Hobsbawm, ''The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848'', Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd., p. 27 {{ISBN|0-349-10484-0}}</ref>

<ref name="google11">Deane, Phyllis. ''The First Industrial Revolution'', Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-29609-9}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=eMBG_soDdNoC&pg=PA131 Google Books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404073520/https://books.google.com/books?id=eMBG_soDdNoC&pg=PA131 |date=4 April 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="google12">Jackson J. Spielvogel (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fwxLkRmd-4QC Western Civilization: Since 1500] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327060530/https://books.google.com/books?id=fwxLkRmd-4QC |date=27 March 2023 }}''. p. 607.</ref>

<ref name="statistics">"[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/fertility-analysis/focus-on-people-and-migration/december-2005/focus-on-people-and-migration---focus-on-people-and-migration---chapter-1.pdf The UK population: past, present and future – Chapter 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122212/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/fertility-analysis/focus-on-people-and-migration/december-2005/focus-on-people-and-migration---focus-on-people-and-migration---chapter-1.pdf |date=24 September 2015 }}" (PDF). Statistics.gov.uk</ref>

<ref name="industrial10">Hudson, Pat. ''The Industrial Revolution'', Oxford University Press US. {{ISBN|0-7131-6531-6}}</ref>

<ref name="victorianweb">[http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth-Century England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313022018/http://www.victorianweb.org/history/workers1.html |date=13 March 2008 }}, Laura Del Col, West Virginia University.</ref>

<ref name="ugent">Muriel Neven and Isabelle Devos, 'Breaking stereotypes', in M. Neven and I. Devos (editors), 'Recent work in Belgian Historical Demography', in ''Revue belge d'histoire contemporaine'', XXXI, 2001, 3–4, pp.&nbsp;347–359 [http://www.flwi.ugent.be/btng-rbhc/pdf/BTNG-RBHC,%2031,%202001,%203-4,%20inhoud.pdf FLWI.ugent.be]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029174929/http://www.flwi.ugent.be/btng-rbhc/pdf/BTNG-RBHC%2C%2031%2C%202001%2C%203-4%2C%20inhoud.pdf |date=29 October 2008 }}</ref>

<ref name="historyguide">[http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102090701/http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/lecture17a.html |date=2 November 2015 }} |The History Guide, Steven Kreis, 11 October 2006 – Accessed January 2007</ref>

<ref name="philippe">Philippe Raxhon, ''Le siècle des forges ou la Wallonie dans le creuset belge (1794–1914)'', in B. Demoulin and JL Kupper (editors), ''Histoire de la Wallonie'', Privat, Toulouse, 2004, pp.&nbsp;233–276 [246] {{ISBN|2-7089-4779-6}}</ref>

<ref name="iisg">{{cite web |url= http://www.iisg.nl/research/jvz-cobbdouglas.pdf |title= Cobb-Douglas in pre-modern Europe1 – Simulating early modern growth |access-date= 8 May 2006 |archive-date= 4 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230404035411/https://iisg.nl/research/jvz-cobbdouglas.pdf |url-status= live }}&nbsp;{{small|(254&nbsp;KB)}} Jan Luiten van Zanden, International Institute of Social History/University of Utrecht. May 2005. Retrieved January 2007.</ref>

<ref name="stereotypes">Muriel Neven and Isabelle Devos, ''Breaking stereotypes'', art. cit., pp.&nbsp;315–316</ref>

<ref name="manufacturers">Bagnall, William R. The Textile Industries of the United States: Including Sketches and Notices of Cotton, Woolen, Silk, and Linen Manufacturers in the Colonial Period. Vol. I. The Riverside Press, 1893.</ref>

<ref name="industrialisation">Eric Schiff, ''Industrialisation without national patents: the Netherlands, 1869–1912; Switzerland, 1850–1907'', [[Princeton University]] Press, 1971.</ref>

<ref name="publication">"Made in Beverly – A History of Beverly Industry", by Daniel J. Hoisington. A publication of the Beverly Historic District Commission. 1989.</ref>

<ref name="j-bradford-delong">[http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/archives/000891.html Why No Industrial Revolution in Ancient Greece?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927042849/http://www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable_type/archives/000891.html |date=27 September 2011 }} J. Bradford DeLong, Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley, 20 September 2002. Retrieved January 2007.</ref>

<ref name="msn">"[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509067/Scientific_Revolution.html Scientific Revolution]". Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028110638/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_701509067/Scientific_Revolution.html |date=28 October 2009 }} 31 October 2009.</ref>

<ref name="mott-smith">{{cite book |title=The Concept of Energy Simply Explained |last=Mott-Smith |first=Morton| year=1964| orig-date=Unabridged and revised version of the book first published by D. Appleton-Century Company in 1934 under the former title: The Story of Energy |publisher=Dover Publications, Inc. |location=New York |isbn=978-0-486-21071-1 |pages=13–14}}</ref>

<ref name="professor">How Earth Made Us: Fire by Professor [[Iain Stewart (geologist)|Iain Stewart]]</ref>

}}

===Sources===
*{{Cite book
|last=Clark
|first=Gregory
|title=A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World
|publisher=Princeton University Press
|year=2007
|isbn=978-0-691-12135-2
|url=https://archive.org/details/farewelltoalmsbr00clar
}}
* {{cite book|last=Haber|first=Ludwig Fritz|title=The Chemical Industry During the Nineteenth Century: A Study of the Economic Aspect of Applied Chemistry in Europe and North America|date=1958}}
* {{cite book
 |title      = A History of Industrial Power in the United States, 1730–1930, Vol. 3: The Transmission of Power
 |last1      = Hunter
 |first1     = Louis C.
 |last2      = Bryant
 |first2     = Lynwood
 |year       = 1991
 |publisher  = MIT Press
 |location   = Cambridge, MA
 |isbn       = 978-0-262-08198-6
 |url-access = registration
 |url        = https://archive.org/details/historyofindustr00hunt
}}
* {{cite book |last=Kindleberger |first=Charles Poor |title=A Financial History of Western Europe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFgIE7_eYwwC |publisher=Oxford University Press US |year=1993 |isbn=978-0-19-507738-4 }}
* {{cite book|editor1-last=McNeil|editor1-first=Ian|title=An Encyclopedia of the History of Technology|date=1990|location=London|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-14792-7|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415147927}}
* {{cite book |last=Timbs |first=John |title=Stories of Inventors and Discoverers in Science and the Useful Arts: A Book for Old and Young |url=https://archive.org/details/storiesinventor01timbgoog |year=1860 |publisher=Harper & Brothers }}