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===== Routes ===== ====== Caribbean route ====== Cocaine traffickers from Colombia and Mexico have established a labyrinth of [[smuggling]] routes throughout the [[Caribbean]], the [[Bahama Islands]] chain, and South Florida. They often hire traffickers from Mexico or the [[Dominican Republic]] to transport the drug using a variety of smuggling techniques to U.S. markets. These include [[airdrop]]s of {{convert|500|to|700|kg|-2|abbr=on}} in the Bahama Islands or off the coast of [[Puerto Rico]], mid-ocean boat-to-boat transfers of {{convert|500|to|2000|kg|-2|abbr=on}}, and the commercial shipment of tonnes of cocaine through the port of [[Miami]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3950/cocaine.htm |title=Cocaine. Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands Drug Threat Assessment |date=2003 |publisher=National Drug Intelligence Center |access-date=29 June 2024 |archive-date=29 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629201032/https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3950/cocaine.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Zimmerman">{{cite book | vauthors = Zimmerman S | title=A History of Smuggling in Florida | publisher=Arcadia Publishing | date=23 October 2012 | isbn=978-1-61423-356-5}}</ref><ref name="Corben">{{cite book | vauthors = Corben B, Spellman A | title=Cocaine Cowboys | publisher=powerHouse Books | date= May 2009 | isbn=978-1-57687-503-2 | page=}}</ref> ====== Chilean route ====== Another route of cocaine traffic goes through [[Chile]], which is primarily used for cocaine produced in Bolivia since the nearest seaports lie in northern Chile. The arid [[Bolivia–Chile border]] is easily crossed by 4×4 vehicles that then head to the seaports of [[Iquique]] and [[Antofagasta]]. While the price of cocaine is higher in Chile than in Peru and Bolivia, the final destination is usually Europe, especially Spain where drug dealing networks exist among South American immigrants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/The-cocaine-pipeline-to-Europe-GI-TOCInsightCrime.pdf |title=The Cocaine Pipeline to Europe |date=Feb 2021 |publisher=Global Initiative |access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="e748">{{cite book | vauthors = ((United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)) | title=World Drug Report 2015 | publisher=United Nations | date=16 December 2015 | isbn=978-92-1-057300-9 | page=XV}}</ref> ====== Mexican route ====== The primary cocaine importation points in the United States have been in [[Arizona]], [[Southern California]], [[South Florida]], and [[Texas]]. Typically, land vehicles are driven across the [[Mexico–United States border]]. {{As of|2006}}, sixty-five percent of cocaine enters the United States through [[Mexico]], where the drug is first transported from South American countries.<ref>{{Cite book | vauthors = Jacobson R | title = Illegal drugs: America's anguish | date = 2006 | publisher = Thomson Gale | location = Farmington Hills, Michigan | isbn = 978-1-4144-0419-6 | edition = 2005 | url = https://archive.org/details/illegaldrugsamer00jaco|page=82 }}</ref> {{As of|2015}}, the [[Sinaloa Cartel]] is the most active [[drug cartel]] involved in smuggling illicit drugs like cocaine into the United States and trafficking them throughout the United States.<ref name="DEA 2015 assessment">{{Cite web|title=2015 National Drug Threat Assessment Summary|url=https://www.dea.gov/docs/2015%20NDTA%20Report.pdf|website=Drug Enforcement Administration|publisher=United States Department of Justice: Drug Enforcement Administration|access-date=10 April 2016|pages=1–2|date=October 2015|quote=Mexican TCOs pose the greatest criminal drug threat to the United States; no other group is currently positioned to challenge them. These Mexican poly-drug organizations traffic heroin, methamphetamine, cocaine, and marijuana throughout the United States, using established transportation routes and distribution networks. ... While all of these Mexican TCOs transport wholesale quantities of illicit drugs into the United States, the Sinaloa Cartel appears to be the most active supplier. The Sinaloa Cartel leverages its expansive resources and dominance in Mexico to facilitate the smuggling and transportation of drugs throughout the United States.|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410100038/https://www.dea.gov/docs/2015%20NDTA%20Report.pdf|archive-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>
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