Editing Zoetrope (section)

===Experimental photographic sequence viewers (1850s–1860s)===
[[File:1855 czermak - das Stereophoroskop (fig. 26) (crop).jpg|thumb|Czermak's 1855 Stereophoroskop]]
During the next three decades the phénakisticope remained the more common animation device, while relatively few experimental variations followed the idea of Horner's dædaleum or Stampfer's stroboscopic cylinder. Most of the zoetrope-like devices created between 1833 and 1865 were intended for viewing photographic sequences, often with a stereoscopic effect.<ref name="Herbert1" /> These included [[Johann Nepomuk Czermak]]'s Stereophoroskop, about which he published an article in 1855.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/permanent/vlp/lit15017/index.meta&viewMode=auto&pn=1|last=Czermak|title=Das Stereophoroskop|year=1855|language=de}}</ref>

On February 27, 1860, [[Peter Hubert Desvignes]] received British patent no. 537 for 28 monocular and stereoscopic variations of cylindrical stroboscopic devices. This included a version that used an endless band of pictures running between two spools that was intermittently lit by an electric spark.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UXTAAgAAQBAJ&q=peter+hubert+desvignes+patent&pg=PA31|title=Stereoscopic Cinema and the Origins of 3-D Film, 1838-1952|first=Ray|last=Zone|date=February 3, 2014|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=9780813145891|via=Google Books}}</ref> Desvignes' ''Mimoscope'', received an Honourable Mention "for ingenuity of construction" at the [[1862 International Exhibition]] in London.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/medalsandhonour00goog |title=Medals and Honourable Mentions Awarded by the International Juries: With a ... |date=April 10, 1862 <!-- |publisher=Her Majesty's Commissioners --> |publisher=1862 International exhibition |pages=201 |language=English |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> It could "exhibit drawings, models, single or stereoscopic photographs, so as to animate animal movements, or that of machinery, showing various other illusions."<ref>{{cite book|title=Handbook to the industrial department of the International exhibition, 1862|last=Hunt|first=Robert|year=1862|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-fUHAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA181}}</ref> Desvignes "employed models, insects and other objects, instead of pictures, with perfect success." The horizontal slits (like in Czermak's Stereophoroskop) allowed a much improved view, with both eyes, of the opposite pictures.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GFAAAAAYAAJ&q=mimoscope&pg=PA777|title=Chambers's Encyclopaedia: A Dictionary of Universal Knowledge for the People|date=April 10, 1868|publisher=W. and R. Chambers|via=Google Books}}</ref>