Editing Zaragoza (section)

== Geography ==
=== Location ===
[[File:Zaragoza Spain (cropped) ESA.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Zaragoza, as seen by the [[European Space Agency]]'s [[Sentinel-2]]]]
[[File:MTN50-0383-2005-cns-Zaragoza.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.8|Zaragoza sheet of MTN50 (Spain's National Topographic Map at 1:50,000 scale), at its first digital edition (year 2006).]]
Zaragoza lies in the north-east of the [[Iberian Peninsula]], in the rather arid depression formed by the valley of the [[Ebro]]. The Ebro cuts across the city in a west north-west by east south-east direction, entering the municipality at 205 [[Height above sea level|metres above sea level]] and exiting the municipality at a level of 180 metres above sea level.{{Sfn|Sotelo Pérez|Sotelo Navalpotro|2016|p=260}}

The city enjoys a beneficial location at the geographical centre of the rough hexagon formed by the Spanish cities of [[Bilbao]], [[Madrid]], [[Valencia]] and [[Barcelona]] and the French cities of [[Bordeaux]] and [[Toulouse]].{{sfn|Fernández Maldonado|Romein|2012|p=58}}

The municipality has a surface of {{cvt|973.78|km2}},<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ssweb.seap.minhap.es/REL/frontend/inicio/municipios/2/13395/275 |access-date=12 August 2020 |publisher=Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital |title=Datos del Registro de Entidades Locales}}</ref> making it the ninth largest municipality in Spain.{{Sfn|Miguel González|2015|p=66}}

While the river banks are largely flat, the territory flanking them can display a rugged terrain, featuring {{Lang|es|muelas}} and escarpments.<ref name=medio /> The surrounding elevations rise up to heights of about 600–750 metres above sea level.{{Sfn|Sotelo Pérez|Sotelo Navalpotro|2016|p=260}} The locations near the meanders of the Ebro feature some sinkholes formed upon the subsidence of the [[gypsum]]-rich soil, that can form ponds fed from irrigation water.<ref name=medio /> There is also an instance of seasonal [[Endorheic basin|endorheic]] lagoon, {{Lang|es|la Sulfúrica}}, in the moors located in the southern part of the municipality.<ref name=medio>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zaragoza.es/contenidos/medioambiente/natural/Guia_LIFE_espanol.pdf |page=10; 12 |title=Zaragoza Natural. Un mosaico de paisajes y de biodiversidad |publisher=Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza |date=12 August 2020}}</ref>

The Roman core of Caesaraugusta was founded on the right bank of the Ebro, with the north-east corner limiting the confluence of the Ebro with the [[Huerva|Huerva river]], a modest right-bank tributary of the Ebro.{{Sfn|Adiego Adiego|2002|p=251; 253}} The Huerva runs through the city buried for much of its lower course.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/noticias/aragon/huerva-cauce-mas-agraviado_556183.html |website=[[El Periódico de Aragón]] |title=El Huerva, el cauce más agraviado |date=31 January 2010 |first=Marga |last=Valiente}}</ref> Zaragoza is also located near the confluence of the Ebro with the [[Gállego (river)|Gállego]], a more voluminous left-bank tributary born in the [[Pyrenees]].{{Sfn|Adiego Adiego|2002|p=268}}

===Climate===
Zaragoza has a [[cold semi-arid climate|semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSk''),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=6180&cityname=Zaragoza,+Arag%25F3n,+Spain&units=Climate |title=Zaragoza, Spain Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |website=Weatherbase |access-date=13 March 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180502012740/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=6180&cityname=Zaragoza,+Arag%25F3n,+Spain&units=Climate |archive-date=2 May 2018}}</ref> as it lies in a wide [[Drainage basin|basin]] entirely surrounded by [[mountain]]s which block off moist air from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. The average annual [[Precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is a scanty {{convert|328|mm|inch|1}} with abundant sunny days, and the rainiest seasons are spring (April–May) and autumn (September–November), with a relative [[drought]] in summer (July–August) and winter (December–March).

[[Temperatures]] in summer are hot, and in winter a cold and dry [[wind]] blows from the northwest, the ''[[Cierzo]]''. Night [[frost]] is common and there is sporadic [[snow]]fall. Fog can be persistent in late autumn and early winter.{{Weather box
| location = Zaragoza Airport, altitude 263m (1991-2020), extremes (1942-present)
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 20.6
| Feb record high C = 25.5
| Mar record high C = 28.7
| Apr record high C = 32.4
| May record high C = 36.5
| Jun record high C = 43.2
| Jul record high C = 44.5
| Aug record high C = 42.8
| Sep record high C = 39.2
| Oct record high C = 33.9
| Nov record high C = 28.4
| Dec record high C = 22.0
| year record high C = 
| Jan high C = 11.0
| Feb high C = 13.4
| Mar high C = 17.5
| Apr high C = 20.4
| May high C = 24.9
| Jun high C = 30.0
| Jul high C = 32.8
| Aug high C = 32.4
| Sep high C = 27.4
| Oct high C = 21.8
| Nov high C = 15.0
| Dec high C = 11.1
| year high C = 
| Jan mean C = 7.0
| Feb mean C = 8.5
| Mar mean C = 11.8
| Apr mean C = 14.4
| May mean C = 18.6
| Jun mean C = 23.1
| Jul mean C = 25.7
| Aug mean C = 25.6
| Sep mean C = 21.4
| Oct mean C = 16.6
| Nov mean C = 10.8
| Dec mean C = 7.2
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 2.9
| Feb low C = 3.5
| Mar low C = 6.0
| Apr low C = 8.5
| May low C = 12.3
| Jun low C = 16.2
| Jul low C = 18.6
| Aug low C = 18.8
| Sep low C = 15.4
| Oct low C = 11.3
| Nov low C = 6.5
| Dec low C = 3.3
| year low C = 
| Jan record low C = -10.4
| Feb record low C = -11.4
| Mar record low C = -6.3
| Apr record low C = -2.4
| May record low C = 0.5
| Jun record low C = 5.2
| Jul record low C = 8.0
| Aug record low C = 8.4
| Sep record low C = 4.8
| Oct record low C = 0.6
| Nov record low C = -5.6
| Dec record low C = -9.5
| year record low C = 
| Jan precipitation mm = 23.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 19.8
| Mar precipitation mm = 28.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 40.0
| May precipitation mm = 40.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 28.5
| Jul precipitation mm = 16.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 17.8
| Sep precipitation mm = 27.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 34.0
| Nov precipitation mm = 34.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 19.1
| year precipitation mm = 
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation days = 4.4
| Feb precipitation days = 3.7
| Mar precipitation days = 4.8
| Apr precipitation days = 5.6
| May precipitation days = 6.2
| Jun precipitation days = 4.0
| Jul precipitation days = 2.6
| Aug precipitation days = 2.2
| Sep precipitation days = 3.2
| Oct precipitation days = 5.3
| Nov precipitation days = 5.6
| Dec precipitation days = 4.5
| unit precipitation days = 1 mm
| Jan snow days = 0.5
| Feb snow days = 0.6
| Mar snow days = 0.3
| Apr snow days = 0.0
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = 0.0
| Nov snow days = 0.1
| Dec snow days = 0.4
| year snow days = 
| Jan humidity = 74
| Feb humidity = 66
| Mar humidity = 59
| Apr humidity = 56
| May humidity = 52
| Jun humidity = 48
| Jul humidity = 46
| Aug humidity = 48
| Sep humidity = 55
| Oct humidity = 65
| Nov humidity = 72
| Dec humidity = 76
| year humidity = 
| Jan sun = 143
| Feb sun = 181
| Mar sun = 226
| Apr sun = 246
| May sun = 294
| Jun sun = 324
| Jul sun = 363
| Aug sun = 329
| Sep sun = 258
| Oct sun = 208
| Nov sun = 156
| Dec sun = 127
| year sun = 
| Jan percentsun = 48
| Feb percentsun = 60
| Mar percentsun = 61
| Apr percentsun = 62
| May percentsun = 65
| Jun percentsun = 71
| Jul percentsun = 79
| Aug percentsun = 77
| Sep percentsun = 69
| Oct percentsun = 60
| Nov percentsun = 52
| Dec percentsun = 44
| year percentsun = 
| source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/datos_abiertos/AEMET_OpenData|title=AEMET OpenData|access-date=2 December 2024|publisher=AEMET}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/efemerides_extremos?w=0&k=arn&l=9434&datos=det|title=Zaragoza Aeropuerto - Valores exremos|access-date=2 December 2024}}</ref>
| date = July 2019
| source = 
}}

=== Administrative subdivisions ===
Zaragoza is administratively divided into 15 urban districts and 14 rural neighborhoods:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza/2018/05/28/la-ciudad-revisara-las-fronteras-sus-distritos-1246152-2261126.html|website=[[Heraldo de Aragón]]|title=La ciudad revisará las fronteras de sus distritos|date=28 May 2018|first=Javier L.|last=Velasco}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; font-size:90%"
|-
! # || colspan = 2 | Urban district
|-
| align = "center" | 1 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Casco Histórico (Zaragoza)|es|Casco histórico de Zaragoza|lt=Casco Histórico}}
|-
| align = "center" | 2 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Centro (Zaragoza)|es|Distrito Centro (Zaragoza)|lt=Centro}}
|-
| align = "center" | 3 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || [[Delicias (Zaragoza)|Delicias]]
|-
| align = "center" | 4 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Universidad (Zaragoza)|es|lt=Universidad}}
|-
| align = "center" | 5 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|San José (Zaragoza)|es|Distrito San José (Zaragoza)|lt=San José}}
|-
| align = "center" | 6 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || [[Las Fuentes, Zaragoza|Las Fuentes]]
|-
| align = "center" | 7 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|La Almozara (Zaragoza)|es|La Almozara|lt=La Almozara}}
|-
| align = "center" | 8 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Oliver–Valdefierro|es|Oliver-Valdefierro}}
|-
| align = "center" | 9 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Torrero (Zaragoza)|es|Torrero|lt=Torrero}}
|-
| align = "center" | 10 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|El Rabal (Zaragoza)|es|El Rabal|lt=El Rabal}}
|-
| align = "center" | 11 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Actur–Rey Fernando (Zaragoza)|es|Actur-Rey Fernando|lt=Actur–Rey Fernando}}
|-
| align = "center" | 12 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Casablanca (Zaragoza)|es|Casablanca (Zaragoza)|lt=Casablanca}}
|-
| align = "center" | 13 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Santa Isabel (Zaragoza)|es|Santa Isabel (Zaragoza)|lt=Santa Isabel}}
|-
| align = "center" | 14 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Miralbueno (Zaragoza)|es|Miralbueno|lt=Miralbueno}}
|-
| align = "center" | 15 || bgcolor = "ffb380" | || {{ill|Distrito Sur (Zaragoza)|es|Distrito Sur (Zaragoza)|lt=Distrito Sur}}
|}
<div style="float:left; font-size:85%">
{{Image label begin|image=Distritos Zaragoza. Mapa.svg|width=450|float=none}}
{{Image label|x=1.1|y=1.33|scale=250|text='''[[Casco Histórico (Zaragoza)|1]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.07|y=1.360|scale=250|text='''[[Centro (Zaragoza)|2]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.98|y=1.353|scale=250|text='''[[Delicias (Zaragoza)|3]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.013|y=1.40|scale=250|text='''[[Universidad (Zaragoza)|4]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.11|y=1.42|scale=250|text='''[[San José (Zaragoza)|5]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.17|y=1.39|scale=250|text='''[[Las Fuentes, Zaragoza|6]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1|y=1.307|scale=250|text='''[[La Almozara (Zaragoza)|7]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.91|y=1.355|scale=250|text='''[[Oliver–Valdefierro|8]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.09|y=1.7|scale=250|text='''[[Torrero (Zaragoza)|9]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.13|y=1.275|scale=250|text='''[[El Rabal (Zaragoza)|10]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.035|y=1.23|scale=250|text='''[[Actur–Rey Fernando|11]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.96|y=1.44|scale=250|text='''[[Casablanca (Zaragoza)|12]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=1.3|y=1.275|scale=250|text='''[[Santa Isabel (Zaragoza)|13]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.81|y=1.32|scale=250|text='''[[Miralbueno (Zaragoza)|14]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=0.715|y=1.56|scale=250|text='''[[Distrito Sur (Zaragoza)|15]]'''}}

{{Image label end}}</div>
{{clear}}