Editing Yosemite National Park (section)

===Increased protection efforts===
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[[Overgrazing]] of meadows (especially by sheep), logging of giant sequoia, and other damage led Muir to become an advocate for further protection. Muir convinced prominent guests of the importance of putting the area under federal protection. One such guest was [[Robert Underwood Johnson]], editor of ''[[Century Magazine]]''. Muir and Johnson lobbied Congress for the Act that created Yosemite National Park on October 1, 1890.<ref name="Schaffer50">{{harvnb|Schaffer|1999|p=50}}</ref> The State of California, however, retained control of Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove. Muir's writings raised awareness about the damage caused by sheep grazing, and he actively campaigned to virtually eliminate grazing from the Yosemite's high-country.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yosemite |url=https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/historyculture/muir.htm |website=nps.gov |publisher=National Park Service |access-date=1 September 2021 |archive-date=September 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210903062250/https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/historyculture/muir.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

The newly created national park came under the jurisdiction of the United States Army's Troop I of the [[4th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|4th Cavalry]] on May 19, 1891, which set up camp in Wawona with Captain [[Abram Wood|Abram Epperson Wood]] as acting superintendent.<ref name="Schaffer50"/> By the late 1890s, sheep grazing was no longer a problem, and the Army made other improvements. However, the cavalry could not intervene to ease the worsening conditions. From 1899 to 1913, cavalry regiments of the Western Department, including the all Black [[9th Cavalry Regiment (United States)|9th Cavalry]] (known as the "Buffalo Soldiers") and the [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]], stationed two troops at Yosemite.

[[File:View of Tutocanula Pass Yosemite California by Carleton Watkins.jpg|thumb|[[Bridalveil Fall]] and [[El Capitan]], by [[Carleton Watkins]] ({{circa|1880}})]]
Muir and his [[Sierra Club]] continued to lobby the government and influential people for the creation of a unified Yosemite National Park. In May 1903, President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] camped with Muir near [[Glacier Point]] for three days. On that trip, Muir convinced Roosevelt to take control of Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove away from California and return it to the federal government. In 1906, Roosevelt signed a bill that shifted control.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/historyculture/people.htm#onthisPage-2|title=John Muir and President Roosevelt|work=John Muir National Historic Site, California|publisher=National Park Service|access-date=2021-08-31|archive-date=August 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819190816/https://www.nps.gov/jomu/learn/historyculture/people.htm#onthisPage-2|url-status=live}}</ref>