Editing Wyandot people (section)

===Emergence of the Wyandot===
[[File: Three chiefs of the Huron.jpg|thumb|left|Three Huron-Wyandot chiefs from the Huron reservation (Lourette) now called Wendake in Quebec, Canada. After their defeat by the Iroquois, many Huron fled to Quebec for refuge with their French allies, where a reserve was set aside for their use. Others migrated across Lake Huron and the St. Clair River, settling in the northern Ohio and Michigan region.]]
[[File: Groupe Huron-Wendat Wendake 1880.jpg|thumb|left|Huron-Plume group – Spencerwood, Quebec City, 1880]]
[[File: William Walker (Wyandot leader).jpg|thumb|300px|left|[[William Walker (Wyandot leader)|William Walker]] (1800–1874), a leader of the Wyandot people and a prominent citizen of early-day Kansas.]]
In the late 17th century, elements of the [[Huron-Wendat Nation|Huron Confederacy]] and the Petun joined and became known as the Wyandot (or Wyandotte), a variation of Wendat. (This name is also related to the French transliteration of the Mohawk term for tobacco.){{sfnp|Dickason|1996|pages=263–65}} The western Wyandot re-formed in the area of southern Michigan but migrated to Ohio after their alliance with the "Flathead" [[Catawba Indians|Catawba]] got them in trouble with their former ally the [[Odawa]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last1=Toups |first1=Eric J. |date=2019 |title=Black Robes at the Edge of Empire: Jesuits, Natives, and Colonial Crisis in Early Detroit, 1728–1781 |type=MA thesis |publisher=University of Maine |url=https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2958/ |language=en}}</ref>

In August 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with [[Simon Girty]], a British soldier. On August 15 through 19, 1782, they unsuccessfully besieged [[Bryan Station]] in Kentucky (near present-day Lexington). They drew the Kentucky militia to Lower [[Blue Licks]], where the Wyandot defeated the militia led by [[Daniel Boone]]. The Wyandot gained the high ground and surrounded Boone's forces.

Also in late 1782, the Wyandot joined forces with [[Shawnee]], [[Seneca people|Seneca]], and [[Lenape]] in an unsuccessful [[Siege of Fort Henry (1782)|siege of Fort Henry]] on the [[Ohio River]].

During the [[Northwest Indian War]], the Wyandot fought alongside British allies against the United States. Under the leadership of [[Tarhe]], they were signatories to the [[Treaty of Greenville]] in 1795.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sword|first=Wiley|title=President Washington's Indian War: The Struggle for the Old Northwest, 1790–1795|url=https://archive.org/details/presidentwashing0000swor|url-access=registration|year=1985|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=978-0-8061-1864-2}}{{page needed|date=May 2019}}</ref>

In 1807, the Wyandot joined three other tribes – the Odawa, [[Potawatomi]], and [[Ojibwe people]] – in signing the [[Treaty of Detroit]], which resulted in a major land cession to the United States. This agreement between the tribes and the [[Michigan Territory]] (represented by [[William Hull]]) ceded to the United States a part of their territory in today's southeastern Michigan and a section of Ohio near the [[Maumee River]]. The tribes were allowed to keep small pockets of land in the territory.<ref name="WDL">{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2746/ |title = Treaty Between the Ottawa, Chippewa, Wyandot, and Potawatomi Indians |website = World Digital Library |date = November 17, 1807 |access-date = August 3, 2013}}</ref> The Treaty of Brownstown was signed by Governor Hull on November 7, 1807, and provided the Indigenous nations with a payment of $10,000 in goods and money along with an annual payment of $2,400 in exchange for an area of land that included the southeastern one-quarter of the lower peninsula of Michigan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/brownstownhistory/announcements|title=Brownstown History – The Origins of Brownstown |website=sites.google.com|access-date=January 25, 2019}}</ref> In 1819, the Methodist Church established a mission to the Wyandot in Ohio, its first to Native Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gcah.org/site/pp.aspx?c=ghKJI0PHIoE&b=3504153 |title=United Methodist Church Timeline |work=General Commission on Archives and History |publisher=United Methodist Church |access-date=April 25, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928065335/http://www.gcah.org/site/pp.aspx?c=ghKJI0PHIoE&b=3504153 |archive-date=September 28, 2011}}</ref>

In the 1840s, most of the surviving Wyandot people were displaced to Kansas Indigenous territory through the US federal policy of forced [[Indian removal]]. Using the funds they received for their lands in Ohio, the Wyandot purchased {{convert|23000|acre|km2}} of land for $46,080 in what is now [[Wyandotte County, Kansas]] from the Lenape. The Lenape had been grateful for the hospitality which the Wyandot had given them in Ohio, as the Lenape had been forced to move west under pressure from Anglo-European colonists. The Wyandot acquired a more-or-less square parcel north and west of the junction of the [[Kansas River]] and the [[Missouri River]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Weslager|first=Clinton Alfred|title=The Delaware Indians: A History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5k34LON-MUwC&pg=PA399|year=1989|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-1494-9|pages=399–400|orig-year=1972}}</ref> A United States government treaty granted the Wyandot Nation a small portion of fertile land located in an acute angle of the Missouri River and Kansas River, which they purchased from the Delaware in 1843. Also, the government granted 32 "floating sections", located on public lands west of the Mississippi River.

In June 1853, [[Big Turtle]], a Wyandot chief, wrote to the ''Ohio State Journal'' regarding the current condition of his tribe. The Wyandot had received nearly $127,000 for their lands in 1845. Big Turtle noted that, in the spring of 1850, the tribal chiefs retroceded the granted land to the government. They invested $100,000 of the proceeds in 5% government stock.<ref name="New York Times 1853, Page 3">{{cite news |title=Civilization of the Wyandot Indians |work=The New York Times |date=June 1, 1853 |page=3}}</ref> After removal to Kansas, the Wyandot had founded good libraries along with two thriving [[Sabbath school]]s. They were in the process of organizing a division of the [[Sons of Temperance]] and maintained a sizable [[temperance society]]. Big Turtle commented on the agricultural yield, which produced an annual surplus for the market. He said that the thrift of the Wyandot exceeded that of any tribe north of the Arkansas line. According to his account, the Wyandot nation was "contented and happy", and enjoyed better living conditions in the Indigenous territory than they had in Ohio.<ref name="New York Times 1853, Page 3" />

By 1855 the number of Wyandot had diminished to 600 or 700 people. On August 14 of that year, the Wyandot Nation elected a chief. The Kansas correspondent of the ''[[Missouri Republican]]'' reported that the judges of the election were three elders who were trusted by their peers. The Wyandot offered some of the floating sections of land for sale on the same day at $800. A section was composed of {{convert|640|acre|km2}}. Altogether {{convert|20480|acre|km2}} were sold for $25,600. They were located in Kansas, Nebraska, and unspecified sites. Surveys were not required, with the title becoming complete at the time of location.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wyandot Indians holding an Election-Their Land Claims |work=The New York Times |date=August 24, 1855 |page=2 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1855/08/24/archives/wyandot-indians-holding-an-electiontheir-land-claims.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The Wyandot played an important role in Kansas politics. On July 26, 1853, at a meeting at the Wyandot Council house in [[Kansas City, Kansas|Kansas City]], [[William Walker (Wyandot leader)|William Walker]] (Wyandot) was elected provisional governor of [[Nebraska Territory]], which included Kansas. He was elected by Wyandot, white traders, and outside interests who wished to preempt the federal government's organization of the territory and to benefit from the settlement of Kansas by white settlers. Walker and others promoted Kansas as the route for the proposed transcontinental railroad. Although the federal government did not recognize Walker's election, the political activity prompted the federal government to pass the [[Kansas–Nebraska Act]] to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bowes|first=John P.|title=Exiles and Pioneers: Eastern Indians in the Trans-Mississippi West|url=https://archive.org/details/exilespioneersea0000bowe|url-access=registration|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85755-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/exilespioneersea0000bowe/page/183 183]}}</ref>

An October 1855 article in ''The New York Times'' reported that the Wyandot were free (that is, they had been accepted as US citizens) and without the restrictions placed on other tribes. Their leaders were unanimously [[proslavery in the antebellum United States|pro-slavery]], which meant 900 or 1,000 additional votes in opposition to the [[Free-Stater (Kansas)|Free State movement]] of Kansas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Affairs In Kansas |work=The New York Times |date=October 2, 1855 |page=2 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1855/10/02/archives/affairs-in-kansas-the-weatherthe-freestate-sentimentprogress-of-the.html |url-access=subscription}}</ref>
In 1867, after the [[American Civil War]], additional members were removed from the Midwest to [[Indian Territory]]. Today more than 4,000 Wyandot can be found in eastern [[Kansas]] and northeastern [[Oklahoma]].<ref name=oia>{{cite web |url=http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf |title=Oklahoma Indian Nations Pocket Pictorial Directory |publisher=Oklahoma Indian Affairs Commission |date=2011 |page=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512040555/http://www.ok.gov/oiac/documents/2011.FINAL.WEB.pdf |archive-date=May 12, 2012 |access-date=April 30, 2013}}</ref>

The last known original Wyandot of Ohio was [[Margaret Grey Eyes Solomon]], known as "Mother Solomon". The daughter of Chief John Grey Eyes, she was born in 1816 and left Ohio in 1843. By 1889 she had returned to Ohio, when she was recorded as a spectator to the restoration of the [[Wyandot Mission Church]] in [[Upper Sandusky]]. She died in Upper Sandusky on August 17, 1890.<ref>{{cite book |last=Howe |first=Henry |date=1898 |title=Historical Collections of Ohio in Two Volumes, an Encyclopedia of the State |location=Cincinnati, Ohio |publisher=C.L. Krehbiel & Co |volume=II |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcollec02howe/page/900 900]–902|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalcollec02howe}}</ref> The last full blood Wyandot was Bill Moose Crowfoot who died in Upper Arlington, Ohio in 1937. He stated that 12 Wyandot families remained behind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uahistorytrail.upperarlingtonoh.gov/bill-moose-memorial/|title=Bill Moose Memorial – UA History Trail}}</ref>