Editing Wolf (section)

=== Pelage ===

[[File:Tibetan Wolf Canis lupus chanko cropped.jpg|alt=Picture of a wolf standing on snowy terrain, turning its head at the camera|thumb|Wolf in [[Spiti Valley]], northern India]]

The wolf has very dense and fluffy winter fur, with a short [[Down hair|undercoat]] and long, coarse [[guard hair]]s.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}} Most of the undercoat and some guard hairs are shed in spring and grow back in autumn.{{sfn|Lopez|1978|p=19}} The longest hairs occur on the back, particularly on the front quarters and neck. Especially long hairs grow on the shoulders and almost form a crest on the upper part of the neck. The hairs on the cheeks are elongated and form tufts. The ears are covered in short hairs and project from the fur. Short, elastic and closely adjacent hairs are present on the limbs from the [[elbow]]s down to the [[calcaneal tendon]]s.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}} The winter fur is highly resistant to the cold. Wolves in northern climates can rest comfortably in open areas at {{convert|-40|C|F|abbr=on}} by placing their muzzles between the rear legs and covering their faces with their tail. Wolf fur provides better insulation than dog fur and does not collect ice when warm breath is condensed against it.{{sfn|Lopez|1978|p=19}}

In cold climates, the wolf can reduce the flow of blood near its skin to conserve body heat. The warmth of the foot pads is regulated independently from the rest of the body and is maintained at just above [[Frostbite|tissue-freezing]] point where the pads come in contact with ice and snow.{{sfn|Lopez|1978|pp=19–20}} In warm climates, the fur is coarser and scarcer than in northern wolves.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}} Female wolves tend to have smoother furred limbs than males and generally develop the smoothest overall coats as they age. Older wolves generally have more white hairs on the tip of the tail, along the nose, and on the forehead. Winter fur is retained longest by lactating females, although with some hair loss around their teats.{{sfn|Lopez|1978|p=23}} Hair length on the middle of the back is {{cvt|60|–|70|mm}}, and the guard hairs on the shoulders generally do not exceed {{cvt|90|mm}}, but can reach {{cvt|110|–|130|mm}}.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=164–270}}
[[File:Black and White Wolves.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Photograph showing one black and one white wolf standing alongside each other|Wolves in the [[La Boissière-du-Doré]] Zoo, France]]

A wolf's coat colour is determined by its guard hairs. Wolves usually have some hairs that are white, brown, grey and black.<ref name=Gipson2002/> The coat of the Eurasian wolf is a mixture of [[ochre]]ous (yellow to orange) and [[Rust (color)|rusty]] ochreous (orange/red/brown) colours with light grey. The muzzle is pale ochreous grey, and the area of the lips, cheeks, chin, and throat is white. The top of the head, forehead, under and between the eyes, and between the eyes and ears is grey with a reddish film. The neck is ochreous. Long, black tips on the hairs along the back form a broad stripe, with black hair tips on the shoulders, upper chest and rear of the body. The sides of the body, tail, and outer limbs are a pale dirty ochreous colour, while the inner sides of the limbs, belly, and groin are white. Apart from those wolves which are pure white or black, these tones vary little across geographical areas, although the patterns of these colours vary between individuals.{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|pp=168–169}}

In North America, the coat colours of wolves follow [[Gloger's rule]], wolves in the Canadian arctic being white and those in southern Canada, the U.S., and Mexico being predominantly grey. In some areas of the [[Rocky Mountains]] of Alberta and British Columbia, the coat colour is predominantly black, some being blue-grey and some with silver and black.<ref name=Gipson2002/> Differences in coat colour between sexes is absent in Eurasia;{{sfn|Heptner|Naumov|1998|p=168}} females tend to have redder tones in North America.{{sfn|Lopez|1978|p=22}} [[Black wolf|Black-coloured wolves]] in North America acquired their colour from wolf-dog admixture after the first arrival of dogs across the Bering Strait 12,000 to 14,000 years ago.<ref name=Anderson2009/> Research into the inheritance of white colour from dogs into wolves has yet to be undertaken.<ref name=Hedrick2009/>