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===Work environment=== The effects of white noise upon cognitive function are mixed. Recently, a small study found that white noise background stimulation improves cognitive functioning among secondary students with [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD), while decreasing performance of non-ADHD students.<ref>{{Cite journal| volume = 6| issue = 1| page = 55| last = Soderlund| first = Goran|author2=Sverker Sikstrom |author3=Jan Loftesnes |author4=Edmund Sonuga Barke | title = The effects of background white noise on memory performance in inattentive school children| journal = Behavioral and Brain Functions| year = 2010| doi=10.1186/1744-9081-6-55| pmid = 20920224| pmc = 2955636| doi-access = free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01749.x | pmid = 17683456 | issn = 0021-9630 | volume = 48 | issue = 8 | pages = 840–847 | last = Söderlund | first = Göran |author2=Sverker Sikström |author3=Andrew Smart | title = Listen to the noise: Noise is beneficial for cognitive performance in ADHD. | journal = Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry | year = 2007 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.452.530 }}</ref> Other work indicates it is effective in improving the mood and performance of workers by masking background office noise,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1177/0013916592243006 | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 381–395 | last = Loewen | first = Laura J. |author2=Peter Suedfeld | title = Cognitive and Arousal Effects of Masking Office Noise | journal = Environment and Behavior | date = 1992-05-01 | bibcode = 1992EnvBe..24..381L | s2cid = 144443528 }}</ref> but decreases cognitive performance in complex card sorting tasks.<ref>{{Cite journal | issn = 0022-1309 | volume = 120 | issue = 3 | pages = 339–355 | last = Baker | first = Mary Anne |author2=Dennis H. Holding | title = The effects of noise and speech on cognitive task performance. | journal = Journal of General Psychology | date = July 1993 | doi=10.1080/00221309.1993.9711152| pmid = 8138798 }}</ref> Similarly, an experiment was carried out on sixty-six healthy participants to observe the benefits of using white noise in a learning environment. The experiment involved the participants identifying different images whilst having different sounds in the background. Overall the experiment showed that white noise does in fact have benefits in relation to learning. The experiments showed that white noise improved the participants' learning abilities and their recognition memory slightly.<ref>Rausch, V. H. (2014). White noise improves learning by modulating activity in dopaminergic midbrain regions and right superior temporal sulcus . Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 1469-1480</ref>
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