Editing Watch (section)

====Quartz watches====
The commercial introduction of the [[quartz watch]] in 1969 in the form of the Seiko [[Astron (wristwatch)|Astron 35SQ]], and in 1970 in the form of the Omega [[Omega Electroquartz|Beta 21]] was a revolutionary improvement in watch technology. In place of a balance wheel, which oscillated at perhaps 5 or 6 beats per second, these devices used a [[crystal oscillator|quartz-crystal]] [[resonator]], which vibrated at 8,192&nbsp;Hz, driven by a battery-powered [[Electronic oscillator|oscillator circuit]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Frei |first=Armin H. |title=First-Hand: The First Quartz Wrist Watch |publisher=Engineering and Technology History Wiki (ETHW) |date=6 February 2020 |url= https://ethw.org/First-Hand:The_First_Quartz_Wrist_Watch |access-date=5 December 2021 |archive-date=5 December 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211205074716/https://ethw.org/First-Hand:The_First_Quartz_Wrist_Watch |url-status=live}}</ref> Most quartz-watch oscillators now operate at 32,768&nbsp;Hz, though quartz movements have been designed with frequencies as high as 262&nbsp;kHz. Since the 1980s, more quartz watches than mechanical ones have been marketed.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mondschein |first=Kenneth C. |title=On Time: A History of Western Timekeeping |pages=166 |publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]] |date=2020-09-15 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Hgb5DwAAQBAJ&dq=%221980s%22,+more+%22quartz+watches%22+than+mechanical+ones+have+been+marketed&pg=PA166 |isbn=978-1-4214-3827-6}}</ref>