Editing War of the First Coalition (section)

==1793==
{{See also|Campaigns of 1793 in the French Revolutionary Wars}}
[[File:Les coalises evacuent Toulon en decembre 1793.jpg|thumb|The British evacuation of [[Toulon]] in December 1793]]
On 21 January the revolutionary government [[Execution of Louis XVI|executed Louis XVI]] after a trial.{{sfn|Holland|1911|loc=Trial and execution of Louis XVI}} This united all European governments, including [[Spain]], [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples & Sicily]], and the [[Dutch Republic|Netherlands]] against the Revolution. France declared war against Britain and the Netherlands on 1 February 1793 and soon afterwards against Spain. In the course of the year 1793 the Holy Roman Empire ([[Reichskrieg#1793|on 23 March]]), the kings of [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]] and Naples, and the [[Grand Duchy of Tuscany|Grand Duke of Tuscany]] declared war against France. Thus the First Coalition was formed.{{sfn|Holland|1911|loc=Battle of Valmy}}

===Introduction of conscription===
France introduced a new levy of hundreds of thousands of men, beginning a French policy of using ''[[levée en masse]]'' (mass conscription) to deploy more of its manpower than the other states could,{{sfn|Holland|1911|loc=Battle of Valmy}} and remaining on the offensive so that these mass armies could commandeer war material from the territory of their enemies. The [[Girondins|Girondin]] faction of the French government sent [[Edmond-Charles Genêt|Citizen Genet]] to the [[United States]] to encourage them to enter the war on France's side. The newly formed nation refused, and the [[Presidency of George Washington|Washington administration]]'s 1793 [[Proclamation of Neutrality]] threatened legal action against any citizen providing assistance to any side in the conflict.

After a victory in the [[Battle of Neerwinden (1793)|Battle of Neerwinden]] in March, the Austrians suffered twin defeats at the battles of [[Battle of Wattignies|Wattignies]] and [[Second Battle of Wissembourg (1793)|Wissembourg]].{{sfn|Holland|1911|loc=The Revolutionary War. Republican successes.}} British land forces were defeated at the [[Battle of Hondschoote]] in September.{{sfn|Holland|1911|loc=The Revolutionary War. Republican successes.}}