Editing Volvo (section)

===Production facilities===
[[File:Volvo Powertrain.jpg|thumb|Volvo powertrain facilities in [[Skövde]], pictured in 2010]]
Volvo has various production facilities. {{As of|2022}}, it has plants in 19 countries, with 10 other countries having independent assemblers of Volvo products. The company also has product development, distribution, and logistics centers.<ref name=facil1>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities.html |title=Our production facilities |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220829/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Its first plant for vehicle assembly, on the Hisingen island, was owned by SKF until it was made part of the Volvo company in 1930.<ref name="B2"/> That year, Volvo acquired its supplier of engines in [[Skövde]] (Pentavarken).<ref name=restr>{{cite book |last=Law |first=Christopher M. |chapter=Restructuring the Swedish manufacturing industry the case of the motor vehicle industry  |title=Restructuring the Global Automobile Industry |volume=4 |series=Routledge Library Editions: The Automobile Industry |date=July 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=207–208 |isbn=978-0-415-04712-8}}</ref> In 1942, Volvo acquired its supplier of transmissions, Köpings Mekaniska Verkstad,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vår historia |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/se/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/koping/var-historia.html |access-date=22 October 2024 |website=www.volvogroup.com |language=sv}}</ref> located in the town of [[Köping, Sweden|Köping]]. In 1954, Volvo built a new truck assembly plant in Gothenburg and, in 1959–<ref name="B2"/> 1964,<ref name=ake>{{cite book |editor-last=Sandberg |editor-first=Åke |title=Enriching Production: Perspectives on Volvo's Uddevalla plant as an alternative to lean production |publisher=Avebury |year=2007 | pages=VIII–IX, 1–8 |isbn=978-1-85972-106-3}}</ref> a car assembly plant in [[Torslandaverken|Torslanda]].<ref name="B2"/> The first truly branched away plant of Volvo was the [[Floby]] gearbox plant (100 kilometers to the northeast of Gothenburg), incorporated in 1958. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Volvo and its assembly
partners opened plants in Canada, Belgium, Malaysia,<ref name=restr/> and Australia.<ref name=Brisbane>{{cite web |url=https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/motoring/milestone-for-volvos-brisbane-plant-ng-b88660209z |title=Milestone for Volvo's Brisbane plant |work=The West Australian |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=9 October 2022 |last=Meredith |first=David |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220824/https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/motoring/milestone-for-volvos-brisbane-plant-ng-b88660209z |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early part of that period Volvo also started to venture into vehicles other than passenger cars and road-going commercial vehicles by acquiring the [[Eskilstuna]] plant (Bolinder-Munktell).<ref name=restr/> From the 1970s onwards, Volvo set up various facilities ([[Bengtsfors]], [[Lindesberg]], [[Vara, Sweden|Vara]], [[Tanumshede]], [[Färgelanda]],<ref name=restr/> [[Borås]]<ref name=Boras>{{cite web |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/volvo-celebrates-200000-chassis-produced-at-boras-factory/ |title=Volvo celebrates 200,000 chassis produced at Borås factory |work=Coach & Bus Week |date=18 January 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220830/https://cbwmagazine.com/volvo-celebrates-200000-chassis-produced-at-boras-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref>), most of them within a 150 kilometer radius of Gothenburg,<ref name=restr/> and gradually acquired the Dutch [[DAF Trucks|DAF]] car plants.<ref name="B2"/> It also established its first South American plant in [[Curitiba]], Brazil.<ref name=braz>{{cite book |editor1-last=Pellenbarg |editor1-first=Piet |editor2-last=Wever |editor2-first=Egbert |last1=Ivarsson |first1=Inge |last2=Alvstam |first2=Claes G. |chapter=Global production and trade systems: the Volvo case |title=International Business Geography: Case Studies of Corporate Firms |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 | pages=63–74 |isbn=978-0-203-93920-8}}</ref>

From the mid-1970s onwards, Volvo began building assembly plants with smaller assembly lines, more worker-centric and with better use of automation, leaving [[Fordism]]. These were [[Volvo Kalmar Assembly|Kalmar]] (car assembly, built in 1974),<ref name=ake/> [[Tuve, Sweden|Tuve]] (truck assembly, 1982)<ref name=ake/><ref name=alt>{{cite book |last=Berggren |first=Christian |title=Alternatives to Lean Production: Work Organization in the Swedish Auto Industry |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2019 | page=129 |isbn=978-0-87546-317-9}}</ref> and [[Uddevalla]] (car assembly, 1989). Kalmar and Uddevalla were closed down in the early 1990s, following yearly losses.<ref name=ake/> The Tuve plant (called the LB plant) replaced the Gothenburg plant (X plant) for truck assembly through the 1980s, as the former could produce more technologically complex models.<ref name=alt/> In 1982, Volvo gained its first plant in the United States, the New River Valley plant in [[Dublin, Virginia|Dublin]], Virginia, after acquiring the assets of the White Motor Corporation.<ref name=diver>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/business/volvo-diversifying-away-from-autos.html |title=Volvo diversifying away from autos |work=The New York Times |date=17 May 1982 |access-date=9 October 2022 |last=Vinocur |first=John |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220822/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/business/volvo-diversifying-away-from-autos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Starting in the late 1980s, Volvo expanded its limited bus production capabilities through acquisitions in various countries (Swedish Saffle Karroseri, Danish Aabenraa, German Drögmöller Karroserien, Canadian Prévost Car, Finnish Carrus, American Nova Bus, Mexican Mexicana de Autobuses). In the late 1990s, after a short-lived joint venture with Polish manufacturer [[Jelcz]], Volvo built its main bus production hub for Europe in [[Wrocław]].<ref name=braz/> In the 1990s, Volvo also increased its construction equipment assets by acquiring the Swedish company Åkerman and the construction equipment division of [[Samsung Heavy Industries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://compactequip.com/excavators/dig-history-volvos-evolving-excavator-range/ |title=Dig this history of Volvo evolving excavator range |work=Compact Equipment |date=22 August 2017 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220823/https://compactequip.com/excavators/dig-history-volvos-evolving-excavator-range/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, the company opened an assembly facility for its three main heavy product lines (trucks, construction equipment, and buses) near [[Bengaluru]], India.<ref name=braz/>

Volvo sold all its car manufacturing assets in 1999.<ref name=braz/>

Following the acquisition of Renault Véhicules Industriels<ref name=braz/> and Nissan Diesel<ref name=ft>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3770258c-c0db-11db-bf18-000b5df10621 |title=Volvo buys Nissan Diesel |work=Financial Times |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220822/https://www.ft.com/content/3770258c-c0db-11db-bf18-000b5df10621 |url-status=live }}</ref> in the 2000s, Volvo gained various production facilities in Europe, North America, and Asia.<ref name=braz/><ref name=ft/>

In 2014, Volvo's Volvo Construction Equipment acquired the [[haul truck]] manufacturing division of [[Terex|Terex Corporation]], which included five truck models and a manufacturing facility in [[Motherwell]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.australianmining.com.au/news/terex-sells-trucks-arm-to-volvo/ |title=Terex sells trucks arm to Volvo |author=Latimer, Cole |work=Australian Mining |publisher=[[Prime Creative Media]] |date=10 December 2013 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163027/https://www.australianmining.com.au/news/terex-sells-trucks-arm-to-volvo/ |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/volvo-buys-terex-plant-newhouse-2974745 |title=Volvo buys Terex plant in Newhouse for $160m |author=Miller, Graham |work=Daily Record |publisher=Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail |date=31 December 2013 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163037/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/volvo-buys-terex-plant-newhouse-2974745 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-36551127 |title=Further job cuts at Terex truck firm in Motherwell |work=bbc.com |publisher=BBC |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111164032/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-36551127 |archive-date=11 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Volvo production sites as of October 2022
|-
! width=200px | Company 
! Plants
|-
| [[Volvo Trucks]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Tuve, Sweden|Tuve]] (trucks, parts), [[Umeå]] (cabs), [[Köping, Sweden|Köping]] (transmissions), [[Skövde]] (engines) |Belgium: [[Ghent]] (trucks, parts) |Russia: [[Kaluga]]<sup>□</sup> (trucks) |South Africa: [[Durban]] (trucks) |India: [[Bengaluru]] (trucks) |Thailand: [[Bangkok]] (trucks) |Australia: [[Brisbane]]<sup>A.</sup> (trucks) |United States: [[Dublin, Virginia|New River Valley]] (trucks, parts) |Brazil: [[Curitiba]] (trucks, engines)}}
|-
| [[Renault Trucks]]|| {{ubl |France: [[Blainville-sur-Orne]]<sup>B.</sup> (trucks, cabs), [[Lyon]] (stamped parts), [[Bourg-en-Bresse]] (trucks), [[Vénissieux]] (engines)}} {{ubl |France (Arquus): [[Garchizy]] (repair of materiel, parts), [[Marolles-en-Hurepoix]] (military vehicle assembly, repairing, retrofitting), [[Saint-Nazaire]] (assembly support), [[Limoges]] (production management)}}
|-
| [[Mack Trucks]]|| {{ubl |United States: [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]] (engines), [[Macungie, Pennsylvania|Lehigh Valley]] (trucks), [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown]] (remanufacturing)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Construction Equipment]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Arvika]] (large wheel loaders), [[Braås]] (articulated haulers), [[Eskilstuna]] (transaxles), [[Hallsberg]] (cabs, tanks) |Germany: [[Konz|Konz-Könen]] (excavators, compact wheel loaders), [[Hameln]] (road building machinery) |France: [[Belley]] (compact excavators) |United Kingdom (Terex, Rokbak brand): [[Motherwell]] (rigid and articulated haulers) | South Korea: [[Changwon]] (excavators, demolition equipment, pipelayers) |India: Bengaluru (excavators, rigid and articulated haulers, wheel loaders, road building machinery, parts) |China: [[Shanghai]] (excavators) |United States: [[Shippensburg]] (compact wheel loaders, road building machinery) |Brazil: [[Pederneiras]]<sup>C.</sup> (articulated haulers, large wheel loaders, soil compactors, crawler excavators)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Buses]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Borås]] (chassis), [[Uddevalla]] (frames) |Poland: [[Wrocław]] (buses) |Canada (Prévost, Nova Bus): [[Sainte-Claire, Quebec|Sainte-Claire]] (buses), [[Saint-Eustache, Quebec|Saint-Eustache]] (buses), [[Saint-François-du-Lac]] (chassis) |India: Bengaluru (chassis, engines) |Brasil: Curitiba (chassis, engines) |Mexico: [[Mexico City]] (buses) |United States (Nova Bus): [[Plattsburgh, New York|Plattsburgh]] (buses)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| VE Commercial Vehicles || {{ubl |India: [[Pithampur]] (trucks, engines, transmissions)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| Dongfeng Truck || {{ubl |China: [[Shiyan]] (trucks)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| [[SDLG]]|| {{ubl |China: [[Linyi]] (compact excavators, large wheel loaders, soil compactors, asphalt pavers)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Penta]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: Gothenburg, [[Vara, Sweden|Vara]] |China: Shanghai | United States: [[Lexington, Tennessee|Lexington]]}}
|-
! colspan="2"|Notes
|-
|style="background-color:#f2f3f4" colspan=2|{{legend|#87CEEB|Minority owned by Volvo.<br /><br />{{ubl |<sup>□</sup> Production "suspended". |<sup>A.</sup> It also produces Mack Trucks-badged vehicles. |<sup>B.</sup> It also produces Volvo Trucks and DAF-badged vehicles. |<sup>C.</sup> It also produces SDLG-badged vehicles.}}}}
|-
! colspan="2"|Sources
|-
|style="background-color:#f2f3f4" colspan=2| <ref name=facil1/><ref name=Brisbane/><ref name=Boras/><ref name=braz/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/tuve.html |title=Tuve plant |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130934/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/tuve.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/new-river-valley-plant.html |title=Volvo Trucks New River Valley plant |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014030520/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/new-river-valley-plant.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/blainville.html |title=Blainville |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130935/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/blainville.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arquus-defense.com/by-your-side/industrial-organization |title=Industrial organization |publisher=Arquus |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130936/https://www.arquus-defense.com/by-your-side/industrial-organization |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvotrucks.us/about-volvo/facilities/reman-center/ |title=Reman center |publisher=Volvo Trucks US |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005100215/https://www.volvotrucks.us/about-volvo/facilities/reman-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/arvika/ |title=Arvika |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142538/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/arvika/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/braas/ |title=Braås |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142540/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/braas/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/eskilstuna/ |title=Eskilstuna |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142543/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/eskilstuna/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hallsberg/ |title=Hallsberg |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hallsberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/konz/ |title=Konz |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/konz/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hameln/ |title=Hameln |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hameln/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/belley/ |title=Belley |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142540/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/belley/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/motherwell/ |title=Motherwell |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142544/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/motherwell/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/changwon/ |title=Changwon |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/changwon/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/bangalore/ |title=Bangalore |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/bangalore/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shanghai/ |title=Shanghai |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shanghai/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/pederneiras/ |title=Pederneiras |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142539/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/pederneiras/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shippensburg/ |title=Shippensburg |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142537/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shippensburg/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/linyi/ |title=Linyi |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015221702/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/linyi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/18236/nova-bus-opens-assembly-plant-in-plattsburgh,-ny |title=Nova Bus opens assembly plant in Plattsburgh, N.Y. |work=Reliable Plant |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015221704/https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/18236/nova-bus-opens-assembly-plant-in-plattsburgh,-ny |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/23fbf059-440b-440e-8d1f-c5e1f9727629 |title=Volvo Trucks to take $423mn hit after halting work in Russia |work=Financial Times |first=Robert |last=Wright |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015235342/https://www.ft.com/content/23fbf059-440b-440e-8d1f-c5e1f9727629 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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