Editing Versailles, Yvelines (section)

===Louis XIV===
King [[Louis XIV]], son of Louis XIII, was only four years old when his father died. It was 20 years later, in 1661, when Louis XIV commenced his personal reign, that the young king showed interest in Versailles. The idea of leaving Paris, where, as a child, he had experienced first-hand the insurrection of the [[Fronde]], had never left him. Louis XIV commissioned his architect [[Le Vau]] and his landscape architect [[Le Nôtre]] to transform the castle of his father, as well as the park, in order to accommodate the court. In 1678, after the [[Treaty of Nijmegen]], the king decided that the court and the government would be established permanently in Versailles, which happened on 6 May 1682.

At the same time, a new city was emerging from the ground, resulting from an ingenious decree of the king dated 22 May 1671, whereby the king authorized anyone to acquire a lot in the new city for free. There were only two conditions to acquire a lot: 1- a token tax of 5 shillings (''5 sols'') per arpent of land should be paid every year ($0.03 per {{convert|1000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} per year in 2005 US dollars); 2- a house should be built on the lot according to the plans and models established by the ''Surintendant des [[Bâtiments du Roi]]'' (architect in chief of the royal demesne). The plans provided for a city built symmetrically with respect to the ''Avenue de Paris'' (which starts from the entrance of the castle). The roofs of the buildings and houses of the new city were not to exceed the level of the Marble Courtyard, at the entrance of the castle (built above a hill dominating the city), so that the perspective from the windows of the castle would not be obstructed.

The old village and the Saint Julien church were demolished to make room for buildings housing the administrative services managing the daily life in the castle. On both sides of the ''Avenue de Paris'' were built the Notre-Dame neighbourhood and the Saint-Louis neighbourhood, with new large churches, markets, and aristocratic mansions, all built in a very homogeneous style according to the models established by the ''Surintendant des Bâtiments du Roi''. Versailles was a vast construction site for many years. Little by little came to Versailles all those who needed or desired to live close to the maximum power. At the death of the Sun King in 1715, the village of Versailles had turned into a city of approximately 30,000 inhabitants.

[[File:Map of Versailles in 1789 by William R Shepherd (died 1934).jpg|thumb|300px|right|Versailles in 1789.]]