Editing Varicose veins (section)

=== Stages ===
The CEAP (Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological) Classification, developed in 1994 by an international ad hoc committee of the [[American Venous Forum (AVF)|American Venous Forum]], outlines these stages<ref name="pmid24868066">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Flynn N, Vaughan M, Kelley K | title = Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: NICE guideline | journal = The British Journal of General Practice | volume = 64 | issue = 623 | pages = 314–315 | date = June 2014 | pmid = 24868066 | pmc = 4032011 | doi = 10.3399/bjgp14X680329 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15622385">{{cite journal | vauthors = Eklöf B, Rutherford RB, Bergan JJ, Carpentier PH, Gloviczki P, Kistner RL, Meissner MH, Moneta GL, Myers K, Padberg FT, Perrin M, Ruckley CV, Smith PC, Wakefield TW | display-authors = 6 | title = Revision of the CEAP classification for chronic venous disorders: consensus statement | journal = Journal of Vascular Surgery | volume = 40 | issue = 6 | pages = 1248–1252 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15622385 | doi = 10.1016/j.jvs.2004.09.027 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

* C0 – [[Perthes test]] – no visible or palpable signs of venous disease
* C1 – [[telangectasia]] or reticular veins
* C2 – varicose veins
* C2r – recurrent varicose veins
* C3 – edema
* C4 – changes in skin and subcutaneous tissue due to Chronic Venous Disease
* C4a – pigmentation or eczema
* C4b – [[lipodermatosclerosis]] or atrophie blanche
* C4c – Corona phlebectatica
* C5 – healed venous ulcer
* C6 – active venous ulcer
* C6r – recurrent active ulcer

Each clinical class is further characterized by a subscript depending upon whether the patient is symptomatic (S) or asymptomatic (A), e.g. C2S.<ref name="Bailey&Love">{{Cite book | veditors = Williams NS, Bulstrode CJ, O'Connell PR, Bailey H, McNeill Love RJ |title=Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery |edition=26th | date = 2013 | location = London | publisher = Hodder Arnold | isbn = 978-1-4441-2127-8 }}</ref>