Editing Vagus nerve (section)

=== Urogenital and hormonal effects ===
Excessive activation of the vagal nerve during [[emotional stress]], which is a parasympathetic overcompensation for a strong [[sympathetic nervous system]] response associated with stress, can also cause [[Reflex syncope|vasovagal syncope]] due to a sudden drop in [[cardiac output]], causing [[Brain ischemia|cerebral hypoperfusion]]. Vasovagal syncope affects young children and women more than other groups. It can also lead to temporary [[urinary incontinence|loss of bladder control]] under moments of extreme fear.

Research has shown that women having had complete [[spinal cord injury]] can experience [[orgasm]]s through the vagus nerve, which can go from the [[uterus]] and [[cervix]] to the brain.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://archive.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2007/01/72325|magazine=Wired|title=Exploring the Mind-Body Orgasm|date=2007-01-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919100602/http://archive.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2007/01/72325|archive-date=19 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Komisaruk BR, Whipple B, Crawford A, Liu WC, Kalnin A, Mosier K|title=Brain activation during vaginocervical self-stimulation and orgasm in women with complete spinal cord injury: fMRI evidence of mediation by the vagus nerves|journal=Brain Research|volume=1024|issue=1–2|pages=77–88|date=October 2004|pmid=15451368|doi=10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.029|author2-link=Beverly Whipple|s2cid=9202518|author1-link=Barry Komisaruk}}</ref>

[[Insulin]] signaling activates the [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in the [[arcuate nucleus]], decreases AgRP release, and through the vagus nerve, leads to decreased glucose production by the liver by decreasing gluconeogenic enzymes: [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase]], [[glucose 6-phosphatase]].<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Pocai A, Lam TK, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Obici S, Schwartz GJ, Bryan J, Aguilar-Bryan L, Rossetti L|display-authors=6|title=Hypothalamic K(ATP) channels control hepatic glucose production|journal=Nature|volume=434|issue=7036|pages=1026–1031|date=April 2005|pmid=15846348|doi=10.1038/nature03439|s2cid=4414624|bibcode=2005Natur.434.1026P}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Pagotto U|title=Where does insulin resistance start? The brain|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=32|issue=Suppl 2|pages=S174–S177|date=November 2009|pmid=19875547|pmc=2811464|doi=10.2337/dc09-S305}}</ref>