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===Urinary catheters=== [[Urinary catheterization]] increases the risk for urinary tract infections.<!-- <ref name=NA2011/> --> The risk of [[bacteriuria]] (bacteria in the urine) is between three and six percent per day and prophylactic antibiotics are not effective in decreasing symptomatic infections.<ref name=NA2011/> The risk of an associated infection occurs linearly for enteric bacteria,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Karlsson |first1=Philip A. |last2=Bolin |first2=Christian |last3=Spång |first3=Labolina |last4=Frithiof |first4=Robert |last5=Hultström |first5=Michael |last6=Lipcsey |first6=Miklos |last7=Wang |first7=Helen |last8=Järhult |first8=Josef D. |date=7 November 2024 |title=Bacteriuria and antibiotic use during the third wave of COVID-19 intensive care in Sweden |journal=Infectious Diseases |pages=1–10 |doi=10.1080/23744235.2024.2423884 |pmid=39509144 |issn=2374-4235|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":3" /> and can be decreased by catheterizing only when necessary, using [[aseptic technique]] for insertion, and maintaining unobstructed closed drainage of the catheter.<ref name="Nic2001"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Phipps S, Lim YN, McClinton S, Barry C, Rane A, N'Dow J | title = Short term urinary catheter policies following urogenital surgery in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 2 | pages = CD004374 | date = April 2006 | pmid = 16625600 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004374.pub2 | veditors = Phipps S }}</ref><ref name="Gould2009"/> Male [[scuba divers]] using [[External urine collection devices#Texas catheter|condom catheters]] and female divers using external catching devices for their [[dry suit]]s are also susceptible to urinary tract infections.<ref name="pmid22752741">{{cite journal | vauthors = Harris R | title = Genitourinary infection and barotrauma as complications of 'P-valve' use in drysuit divers | journal = Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine | volume = 39 | issue = 4 | pages = 210–212 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 22752741 | url = http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/9482 | access-date = 4 April 2013 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130526025635/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/9482 | archive-date = 26 May 2013 }}</ref>
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