Editing University of St Andrews (section)

===Links with the United States===
[[File:+ 908 wurde St Andrews bereits Bischohfssitz. 10.jpg|upright=1.1|thumb|St Salvator's Quadrangle from the cloisters]]
[[File:The Scores, St Andrews - geograph.org.uk - 139944.jpg|upright=1.1|thumb|The Scores]]
St Andrews' historical links with the United States predate the country's independence. [[James Wilson (Founding Father)|James Wilson]], a signer of the [[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]], attended (but did not graduate from) St Andrews. Wilson was one of six original justices appointed by [[George Washington]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] and was a founder of the [[University of Pennsylvania Law School]]. Other prominent American figures associated with St Andrews include Scottish American industrialist [[Andrew Carnegie]], who was elected [[Rector of the University of St Andrews|Rector]] in 1901 and whose name is given to the prestigious [[Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland|Carnegie Scholarship]], and [[Edward Harkness]], an American philanthropist who in 1930 provided for the construction of [[St Salvator's Hall]]. American [[Bobby Jones (golfer)|Bobby Jones]], co-founder of the [[Augusta National Golf Club]] and the [[Masters Tournament]], was named a [[Freedom of the City|Freeman of the City]] of St Andrews in 1958, becoming only the second American to be so honoured, the other being Benjamin Franklin in 1759.<ref name="Citizen Jones">{{Cite news|title=Citizen Jones|url=http://www.golfdigest.com/magazine/bobbyjones|access-date=11 August 2014|archive-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112225249/http://www.golfdigest.com/magazine/bobbyjones|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1976, a reciprocal scholarship programme named in honour of Jones was established between St Andrews and [[Emory University]] in Georgia, where Jones studied for his law degree.<ref>{{cite news |title=University of St. Andrews awards 2024 Bobby Jones scholarships |url=https://www.golfdom.com/university-of-st-andrews-awards-2024-bobby-jones-scholarships/ |work=Golfdom |date=6 March 2024}}</ref>

Links with the United States have been maintained into the present day and continue to grow. In 2009, [[Louise Richardson]], an Irish-American political scientist specialising in the study of terrorism, was drawn from Harvard to serve as the first female [[Principal (academia)|Principal]] and [[Chancellor (education)|Vice Chancellor]] of St Andrews.<ref name="The Catholic coup at St Andrews">{{Cite news|title=The Catholic coup at St Andrews|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/the-catholic-coup-at-st-andrews-1668258.html|access-date=2 January 2013|location=London|work=The Independent|date=14 April 2009|archive-date=13 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413170950/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/the-catholic-coup-at-st-andrews-1668258.html|url-status=live}}</ref> She later went on to her next appointment as the vice chancellor to the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor?wssl=1|title=Vice-Chancellor&nbsp;— University of Oxford|website=www.ox.ac.uk|access-date=9 May 2016|archive-date=28 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528070737/https://www.ox.ac.uk/about/organisation/university-officers/vice-chancellor?wssl=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

Active recruitment of students from North America first began in 1984, and Americans made up around 1 in 6 of the student population in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Scotland's University of St. Andrews Became a Top American School|date=24 July 2017|url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a10274881/st-andrews-scotland/|publisher=[[Town & Country (magazine)|Town & Country]]|access-date=24 July 2017|archive-date=27 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727214632/http://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/a10274881/st-andrews-scotland/|url-status=live}}</ref> Students from almost every state in the United States and province in Canada are represented.<ref name="International">{{Cite news|title=International|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/study/international/|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808233518/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/study/international/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/st-andrews/international |title=University of St Andrews&nbsp;— International |work=The Complete University Guide |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-date=10 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510165418/http://www.thecompleteuniversityguide.co.uk/st-andrews/international |url-status=live }}</ref> This is the highest proportion and absolute number of American students amongst all British universities.<ref name="Americans at St Andrews">{{Cite news|title=Americans at St Andrews|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/may/20/internationalstudents.educationguardian2|access-date=3 January 2013|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Jackie|last=Kemp|date=20 May 2008|archive-date=28 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228181919/http://www.theguardian.com/education/2008/may/20/internationalstudents.educationguardian2|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="US undergraduates choosing UK for their studies">{{Cite news|title=US undergraduates choosing UK for their studies|url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/organisation/press/us-undergraduates-choosing-uk-their-studies|access-date=27 May 2014|location=London|work=The British Council|date=27 January 2014|archive-date=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604055859/http://www.britishcouncil.org/organisation/press/us-undergraduates-choosing-uk-their-studies|url-status=dead}}</ref> Media reports indicate growing numbers of American students are attracted to the university's academics, traditions, prestige, internationalism, and comparatively low [[tuition fees]].<ref name="Will and Kate (and Uncle Sam) Studied Here">{{Cite news|title=Will and Kate (and Uncle Sam) Studied Here|website=[[The New York Times]]|date=18 April 2014|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/fashion/st-andrews-will-and-kate-and-uncle-sam-studied-here.html|access-date=12 August 2014|last1=Conlin|first1=Jennifer|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812214036/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/20/fashion/st-andrews-will-and-kate-and-uncle-sam-studied-here.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Going Off to College for Less NYT">{{Cite news|title=Going Off to College for Less (Passport Required)|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/education/01scotland.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|access-date=3 January 2013|work=The New York Times|first=Tamar|last=Lewin|date=30 November 2008|archive-date=21 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521124356/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/01/education/01scotland.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Royal College Bargain">{{Cite web|title=Royal College Bargain|website=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0808/investing-international-education-prince-will-kate-royal-bargain.html|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-date=12 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812205023/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2011/0808/investing-international-education-prince-will-kate-royal-bargain.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Who Needs Harvard Or Yale?">{{Cite news|title=Who Needs Harvard Or Yale?|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=25 September 2006 |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/who-needs-harvard-or-yale|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806123356/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2006-09-24/who-needs-harvard-or-yale|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2012|access-date=12 August 2014}}</ref> The university also regularly features as one of the few non-North American universities in the [[Fiske Guide to Colleges]], an American college guide, as a 'Best Buy'.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St Andrews named Best Buy|url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2017/title,1431651,en.php|publisher=University of St Andrews}}{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trinity College Dublin a 'Best Buy' in Fiske Guide to Colleges 2016|url=https://www.tcd.ie/globalrelations/news/20150721FiskeBestBuy.php|publisher=Trinity College Dublin|access-date=29 July 2017|archive-date=20 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820002343/https://www.tcd.ie/globalrelations/news/20150721FiskeBestBuy.php|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2025, British media dubbed St Andrews as a "mini-Nantucket" due to the concentration of wealthy American students from the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] at the university.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Frain-Bell |first1=Tilly |title=Uh oh, America’s East Coast elite have taken over sleepy St Andrews |url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/celebrity/article/university-st-andrews-students-americans-americanisation-rn2m3cxc5 |work=The Times |date=18 May 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Jureidini |first1=Ben |title=From Raisin Weekend to weddings: how St Andrews became the university of choice for royals |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/st-andrews-royals-kate-middleton-prince-william-lady-louise-windsor |work=Tatler |date=19 May 2025}}</ref> 

St Andrews has developed a sizable alumni presence in the United States, with over 8,000 alumni spread across all 50 states.<ref name="US Alumni">{{Cite web|title=US Alumni|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/alumni/americanfoundation/|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-date=8 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808101023/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/alumni/americanfoundation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Most major cities host alumni clubs, the largest of which is in New York.<ref name="NY Alumni Club">{{Cite web|title=NY Alumni Club|url=http://www.alumniclubny.com/|access-date=12 August 2014|archive-date=12 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112225300/http://www.alumniclubny.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Both London and New York also host the [[St Andrews Angels]], an alumni-led angel investment network, which centres upon the wider university communities in both the United Kingdom and United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scotlandb2b.co.uk/2016/11/24/angel-investment-network-launches-in-nyc-to-facilitate-scottish-deals/|title=Angel investment group launches in NYC to facilitate Scottish deals|last=Parker|first=Lynda Hamilton|date=24 November 2016|website=Scotland B2B Magazine|access-date=6 December 2016|archive-date=20 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220075452/http://scotlandb2b.co.uk/2016/11/24/angel-investment-network-launches-in-nyc-to-facilitate-scottish-deals/|url-status=live}}</ref> St Andrews has also established relationships with other university alumni clubs and private membership clubs in the United States to provide alumni with social and networking opportunities. For example, alumni are eligible for membership at the [[Princeton Club of New York]], the [[Penn Club of New York City]] and the [[Algonquin Club]] in Boston.<ref name="Algonquin Club">{{Cite web|title=Algonquin Club|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/alumni/relations/alumniclubs/privatemembers/algonquin/|access-date=24 January 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222203611/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/alumni/relations/alumniclubs/privatemembers/algonquin/|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref><ref name="Princeton club – St Andrews">{{Cite web|title=Princeton club – St Andrews|url=http://www.princetonclub.com/standrews|access-date=3 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513144331/http://www.princetonclub.com/standrews|archive-date=13 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Penn Club of NYC&nbsp;— Affiliate Schools">{{Cite web|title=Affiliate Schools / Organizations|url=https://www.pennclub.org/membership/types/schools-organizations|access-date=8 October 2018|archive-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009052758/https://www.pennclub.org/membership/types/schools-organizations|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2013, [[Hillary Clinton]], former United States Secretary of State, took part in the academic celebration marking the 600th anniversary of the founding of the University of St Andrews.<ref name="Hillary Rodham Clinton to address academic leaders in St Andrews">{{Cite news|title=Hillary Rodham Clinton to address academic leaders in St Andrews|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2013/title,224659,en.php|access-date=13 August 2014|archive-date=3 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803171850/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2013/title,224659,en.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Clinton received an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws and provided the graduation address, in which she said,
{{Blockquote|I do take comfort from knowing there is a long tradition of Americans being warmly welcomed here at St Andrews. Every year I learn you educate more than one thousand American students, exposing them to new ideas and perspectives as well as providing them with a first-class education. I've been proud and fortunate to hire a few St Andrews alumni over the years and I thank you for training them so well.<ref name="Graduation address&nbsp;— Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton">{{Cite news|title=Graduation address&nbsp;— Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton|url=http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2013/title,227124,en.php|access-date=13 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813213819/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2013/title,227124,en.php|archive-date=13 August 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>}}