Editing Treaty of Lausanne (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Lausanne 2.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Turkish delegation after having signed the Treaty of Lausanne. The delegation was led by [[İsmet İnönü]] (in the middle).]]
The Treaty of Lausanne led to the international recognition of the sovereignty of the new [[Republic of Turkey]] as the [[successor state]] of the Ottoman Empire.<ref name="Treaty" /> As result of the Treaty, the Ottoman public debt was divided between Turkey and the countries which emerged from the former Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Findley |first=Carter V. |title=Turkey, Islam, Nationalism, and Modernity: A History, 1789–2007 |date=2010 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-15260-9 |pages=224–226 |language=en}}</ref> The convention on the [[Straits]] lasted for thirteen years and was replaced with the [[Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits]] in 1936.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Liebisch-Gümüş|first=Carolin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NlWxQEACAAJ|title=Verflochtene Nationsbildung: Die Neue Türkei und der Völkerbund|date=2020|publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter GmbH]]|isbn=978-3-11-064341-1|page=256|language=de|access-date=19 November 2021|archive-date=14 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114142648/https://books.google.com/books?id=-NlWxQEACAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> The customs limitations in the treaty were shortly after reworked.

For Greece, the treaty brought to an end the impetus behind the [[Megali Idea]], the notion that modern Greece should encompass those territories in Asia Minor which had been populated with Greek speakers for up to 3000 years and which also formed the core of the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]].

[[Hatay Province]] remained a part of the [[French Mandate of Syria]] according to the Treaty of Lausanne, but in 1938 gained its independence as the [[Hatay State]], which later joined Turkey after a referendum in 1939. Political amnesty was given to opponents of the new Turkish regime but the government reserved the right to make 150 exceptions.<ref>Zürcher Erik Jan. ''Turkey: a Modern History''. 4th ed. London: I.B. Tauris, 2017. p. 163</ref> The [[150 personae non gratae of Turkey]] (mostly descendants of the Ottoman dynasty) slowly acquired citizenship – the last one in 1974.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}

[[Lloyd George]] declared the treaty an "abject, cowardly and infamous surrender".<ref name=Dadrian/><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KC8lDwAAQBAJ&q=%22abject,+cowardly+and+infamous%22&pg=PA231 |title=Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction |date=2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-53386-3 |page=231 |language=en |access-date=17 December 2020 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114142650/https://books.google.com/books?id=KC8lDwAAQBAJ&q=%22abject,+cowardly+and+infamous%22&pg=PA231 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Historian [[Norman Naimark]] states, "The Lausanne Treaty served as a pivotal international precedent for transferring populations against their will throughout the twentieth century."<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethnic Cleansing {{!}} Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance – Réseau de recherche |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/ethnic-cleansing-0.html |website=ethnic-cleansing-0.html |access-date=29 March 2021 |language=fr |date=16 April 2019 |archive-date=11 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511072630/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/ethnic-cleansing-0.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Historian [[Ronald Grigor Suny]] states that the treaty "essentially confirmed the effectiveness of deportations or even murderous ethnic cleansing as a potential solution to population problems".<ref name="Suny">{{Cite book |last=Suny |first=Ronald Grigor |title='They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else': A History of the Armenian Genocide |title-link=They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else |date=2015 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-6558-1 |pages=367–368 |author-link=Ronald Grigor Suny}}
*{{lay source |template=cite encyclopedia |author=Ronald Grigor Suny |date=26 May 2015 |title=Armenian Genocide |url=https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/armenian_genocide |encyclopedia=1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War}}</ref>

Historian [[Hans-Lukas Kieser]] states, "Lausanne tacitly endorsed comprehensive policies of expulsion and extermination of hetero-ethnic and hetero-religious groups, with fatal attraction for German revisionists and many other nationalists".<ref name="Kieser">{{Cite book |last=Kieser |first=Hans-Lukas |title=The Routledge History of the Holocaust |date=2010 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-136-87060-6 |editor-last=Friedman |editor-first=Jonathan C. |language=en |chapter=Germany and the Armenian Genocide of 1915–17 |doi=10.4324/9780203837443.ch3 |chapter-url=https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203837443.ch3 |access-date=4 January 2021 |archive-date=13 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213120747/https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9780203837443.ch3 |url-status=live }}</ref>