Editing Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (section)

===Debate in the American Congress===
[[File:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.jpg|thumb|200px|right|First page of the original treaty<ref name=LOC-TGH />]]
The version of the treaty ratified by the [[United States Senate]] eliminated Article X,<ref name="loc">[https://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/ghtreaty "The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo."] ''Library of Congress, Hispanic Reading Room''. Retrieved 6 November 2007.</ref> which stated that the U.S. government would honor and guarantee all [[land grant]]s awarded in lands ceded to the United States by those respective governments to citizens of Spain and Mexico. Article VIII guaranteed that Mexicans who remained more than one year in the ceded lands would automatically become full-fledged United States citizens (or they could declare their intention of remaining Mexican citizens); however, the Senate modified Article IX, changing the first paragraph and excluding the last two. Among the changes was that Mexican citizens would "be admitted at the proper time (to be judged of by the Congress of the United States)" instead of "admitted as soon as possible", as negotiated between Trist and the Mexican delegation.

An amendment by [[Jefferson Davis]] giving the United States most of [[Tamaulipas]] and [[Nuevo León]], all of [[Coahuila]], and a large part of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] was supported by both senators from Texas ([[Sam Houston]] and [[Thomas Jefferson Rusk]]), [[Daniel S. Dickinson]] of New York, [[Stephen A. Douglas]] of Illinois, [[Edward A. Hannegan]] of Indiana, and one each from Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and Tennessee. Most of the leaders of the Democratic party, [[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas Hart Benton]], [[John C. Calhoun]], [[Herschel V. Johnson]], [[Lewis Cass]], [[James Murray Mason]] of Virginia and [[Ambrose Hundley Sevier]] were opposed, and the amendment was defeated 44–11.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The United States and Mexico, 1821–1848|publisher=C. Scribner's Sons|url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesand05rivegoog|author=George Lockhart Rives|pages=[https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesand05rivegoog/page/n672 634]–636|year = 1913}}</ref>

An amendment by Whig Sen. [[George Edmund Badger]] of North Carolina to exclude New Mexico and California lost 35–15, with three Southern Whigs voting with the Democrats. [[Daniel Webster]] was bitter that four New England senators made deciding votes for acquiring the new territories.

A motion to insert into the treaty the [[Wilmot Proviso]] (banning slavery from the acquired territories) failed 15–38 on sectional lines.

The treaty was leaked to [[John Nugent (U.S. government agent)|John Nugent]] before the U.S. Senate could approve it. Nugent published his article in the ''[[New York Herald]]'' and, afterward, was questioned by senators. He was detained in a Senate committee room for one month, though he continued to file articles for his newspaper and ate and slept at the home of the sergeant at arms. Nugent did not reveal his source, and senators eventually gave up their efforts.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/The_Senate_Arrests_A_Reporter.htm |title=The Senate Arrests a Reporter |publisher=U.S. Senate}}</ref>

The treaty was subsequently [[ratification|ratified]] by the U.S. Senate by a vote of 38 to 14 on 10 March 1848 and by Mexico through a [[legislative]] vote of 51 to 34 and a Senate vote of 33 to 4, on 19 May 1848. News that New Mexico's legislative assembly had just passed an act for the organization of a U.S. territorial government helped ease Mexican concern about abandoning the people of New Mexico.{{sfn|Rives|1913|p=649}} The treaty was formally proclaimed on 4 July 1848.<ref>{{cite web
| author=Online Highways LLC editorial group
| title = Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
| publisher=U-S-History.com
| url = http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h142.html
| access-date = 2012-03-25}}</ref>